Page 7 - Primer on Enhanced Oil Recovery
P. 7
vi Contents
7.4 Sweep efficiency 61
Further reading 63
8. Thermal EOR 65
8.1 Steam injection 66
8.1.1 Detailed description 66
8.1.2 Application criteria 68
8.1.3 Implementation methods 69
8.1.4 Implemented projects 73
8.2 In-situ combustion (ISC) 74
8.2.1 Detailed ISC description 74
8.2.2 Screening criteria 78
8.2.3 The implementation technology 80
8.3 Borehole design 82
8.4 Well products separation 82
8.5 Implemented ISC projects 83
Further reading 84
9. Ternary diagrams and miscible displacements 87
10. Gas flooding 95
10.1 CO 2 injection 97
10.1.1 Background processes 97
10.1.2 Mechanism of the process 99
10.1.3 Applicability criteria 101
10.1.4 Implemented projects 102
10.1.5 Implementation technology 104
10.2 Hydrocarbon injection 109
10.2.1 Process mechanisms 110
10.2.2 Applicability criteria 114
10.2.3 Implemented projects 115
10.2.4 Implementation technology 115
10.3 Nitrogen and flue gases injection 118
10.3.1 Process mechanisms 119
10.3.2 Applicability criteria 119
10.3.3 Implemented projects 120
10.3.4 Implementation technology 120
Further reading 124
11. Water altering gas injection 127
11.1 WAG methods 128
11.2 WAG applicability criteria 131
11.3 Implemented projects 134
11.4 Technology of implementation 136
Further reading 138
