622 14. Appendix
Z stands for the standard normal random variable. Look at the Figures 14.3.1-
14.3.2.
Figure 14.3.1. N(0, 1) DF Φ(z) Is the Shaded Area When z < 0
Figure 14.3.2. N(0, 1) DF Φ(z) Is the Shaded Area When z > 0
Now, consider the following examples: