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316 Notes

7 My colleague Diane Alters contributed a thoughtful discussion on these ques-
tions. See Diane F. Alters, “In the Heart of Culture: The Hartmans and the
Roloefs,” Chapter Seven in Hoover et al. (2004).
8 My colleague Jin Park was the first to argue that this notion about screen
media is an important area of distinction.
9 And others we’ve interviewed who are not included in this book.
10 Lee Hood, Lynn Schofield Clark, Joseph G. Champ, and Diane F. Alters, “The
Case Studies: An Introduction,” Chapter Five in Hoover et al. (2004).
11 Cf. Davison (1983).
12 For an extensive discussion of parenthood in relation to this research and some
of these same informants, see Hoover et al. (2004).
13 The Simpsons is, in fact, one of the most interesting programs in terms of reli-
gious or spiritual ideas, of the last decade or so (cf. Pinsky 2001). My colleague
Diane Alters (2003) has devoted a good deal of scholarly attention to the
program and my colleague Lee Hood includes a discussion of the program in
Chapter 8 of Hoover et al. (2004), pp. 135–7.
14 For example, see Goethals (1997).
15 For a relevant statement, see Murdock (1997). See also De Vries and Weber
(2001), and Derrida (2001).
16 For classic statements, see Garnham (1995) and Grossberg (1995).
17 Dayan and Katz (1992), p. 215.
18 For a historical description of these relations, see Underwood (2002), particu-
larly Chapters 4 and 7.
19 De Vries (2001), pp. 24–7.
20 De Vries (2001), p. 25.
21 Cf. Derrida (2001), pp. 56–93.
22 Postman (1986).
23 Carter (2004). Carter quotes a spokesman for the Evangelical Focus on the
Family organization on the subject: “History has shown that even people who
could be described as values voters are prone to sinful behavior and watching
representations of sinful behavior,’’ Mr. Schneeberger said. “Is it shocking that
people would be enticed by it? It’s not shocking, but it is tragic.” It is also
ironic that many controversial programs, such as the 2004 hit The O.C., and
The Simpsons, were aired on the conservative Fox Network.
24 Leaving aside, of course, the “de-secularization” of both Europe and North
America that is underway as the result of immigration.

Appendix
1 Hoover et al. (2004).
2 Abu-Lughod (1997).
3 Cf. Seiter (1999), Gauntlett and Hill (1999), Bird (2003), and Clark (2003).
4 In Media, Home, and Family, we credit, in particular, the influence of Guba
and Lincoln (1994), pp. 105–17.
5 Clark (1999) “Learning from the Field: The Journey from Post-Positivist to
Constructivist Methods,” paper presented to the International Communication
Association, San Francisco, May.