Page 175 - Religion, Media, and the Public Sphere

11. On control of and actions taken against the press under the New Order, see Hu-
man Rights Watch 1994. On the press more generally during this period, see Sen and
Hill 2000, esp. chapter 2, “The Press: Industry and Ideology.”
12. More generally Barker (1998) offers a perceptive analysis of some of the New
Order’s policies and strategies of surveillance. For further information on various waves
of “mysterious killings,” including those of dukun santet, see also Kees van Dijk 2000,
359–377.
13. On the “newspeak” of Indonesia’s reformasi era post-Suharto and, speci¤cally, on
the renewed social currency of the term provokator, see Dirk Vlasblom “Megafoons en
ge®uister: Vademecum van de ‘reformasi’ in Indonesia,” NRC Handelsblad, 4 March 2000
(in Vlasblom 2002); also see Kees van Dijk 2000, 282–283.
14. For an illuminating analysis of the “more than incidental” relationship between
mass media and crime, see Ivy 1996, 12.
15. Allen foregrounds the impact of dramatic changes in news media technology
available since the 1980s on the practices of journalists, politicians, and aid agencies.
Equipment that allows ¤lm to be rapidly transmitted from one part of the world to an-
other, together with the increasing demand for real-time news coverage, the intense com-
petition for dramatic images, and the decrease in opportunities for more investigative
forms of journalism, collaborate to make a certain kind of international reporting the
norm and to reduce the scope for subtlety and insight.
16. The sizable population of especially Christian refugees from Maluku (the Mus-
lims from this area having largely ®ed to Muslim-dominated South Sulawesi) housed
in camps in and around Manado contributed to the tangible presence of this region—
including its troubles—in North Sulawesi.

References

Allen, Tim. 1999. Perceiving Contemporary War. In The Media of Con®ict: War Reporting
and Representations of Violence, ed. Tim Allen and Jean Seaton. London: Zed.
Barker, Joshua. 1998. State of Fear: Controlling the Criminal Contagion in Suharto’s New
Order. Indonesia 66:7–42.
Cadava, Eduardo. 1997. Words of Light: Theses on the Photography of History. Princeton,
N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Colombijn, Freek, and J. Thomas Lindblad. 2002. Roots of Violence in Indonesia. Leiden:
KITLV Press.
Cribb, Robert. 2001. How Many Deaths? Problems in the Statistics of Massacres in In-
donesia (1965–1966) and East Timor (1975–1980). In Violence in Indonesia, ed. Ingrid
Wessel and Georgia Wimhofer. Hamburg: Abera-Verlag.
Dijk, Kees van. 2000. A Country in Despair: Indonesia between 1997 and 2000. Leiden:
KITLV Press.
Human Rights Watch. 1994. Three Strikes against the Press. In The Limits of Openness:
Human Rights in Indonesia and East Timor. New York: Human Rights Watch.
Ispandriarno, Lukas Suryanto. 2001. Problems, Pressures and Threats in Constructing
Realities for Media and Journalists. Jurnal ISIP 3 (1): 1–9.
Ivy, Marilyn. 1996. Tracking the Mystery Man with the 21 Faces. Critical Inquiry 23:11–36.
Komkat KWI. 2000. Mediator Dalam Kerusuhan Maluku. Jakarta: Komkat KWI.

164 Patricia Spyer