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that hold the video cameras and would converge the video cameras
                                in direct proportion to the operator’s eye convergence.
                                This type of master-slave system, as far as I know, has not been
                                built. It needs to be determined how accurate this system would be
                                in helping an operator gauge distance. While building this system is
                                beyond the scope of this book, it is not beyond the scope of an avid
                                experimenter.
                        Digital compass

                                Chapter 5 includes plans for a digital compass that is suitable for use
                                with Golem. The compass can be set up in two different ways. The
                                first method keeps the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of the compass
                                in the visual field of the video camera. A quick look informs the
                                operator in which direction Golem is traveling. The second option
                                uses a radio link between the digital output of the compass on the
                                T-bot and the remote location of the operator.

                        Rumble interface
                                When driving the model car via telepresence, you cannot feel the
                                tilt or roughness of the road as you drive. To incorporate a rumble
           210                  feature into the system, you could use the spring suspension of the
                                model car. Any number of sensors can be used for this purpose, for
                                instance, piezoelectric transducers, Hall devices, and strain gauges.
                                The challenge to the experimenter is not in detecting the rumble,
                                but in providing that information to the seat of the operator. Most
                                motion platforms use expensive pneumatic and hydraulic systems.
                                If cost is an issue, this isn’t an option.
                                A cheaper solution can be found in the ThunderSeat by Thunder-
                                Seat Technologies. The Thunderseat utilizes any sound source to
                                generate  vibratory  sensations.  It  contains  a  subwoofer  speaker
                                coupled to an acoustical wave chamber inside the seat. The wave
                                chamber  vibrates  the  entire  seat.  The  low-frequency  (woofer)
                                speaker can handle up to 100 watts (W) of power. The frequency
                                response of the system is 50 Hz to 3.7 kHz. Originally designed to
                                work with flight simulator programs running with a sound card on
                                a personal computer (PC), the output from the sound card is fed
                                into an amplifier and then to the Thunderseat.


                        Tilt interface
                                As with the rumble interface, there are several transducers one
                                can use to determine tilt (see Chap. 5). One tilt sensor uses a steel
                                                       Team LRN
            Chapter nine
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