Page 92 - Theory and Problems of BEGINNING CHEMISTRY

CHAP. 5] CHEMICAL BONDING 81

5.32. Identify the bonding electrons and the nonbonding electrons on the sulfur atom in the electron dot diagram
of SO 2 .
Ans. Nonbonding
O S O

Bonding

5.33. Draw electron dot diagrams for (a) KCl, (b)OF 2 ,(c) AsH 3 , and (d)NH 4 Cl.
+ −
Ans. (a) K Cl (c) H As H
H
+
H −
(b) F O F (d) H N H Cl
H

In part (a), and in other ionic compounds, do not draw the positive ion too near the negative ion; they are
bonded by ionic bonding and do not share electrons.

5.34. Draw an electron dot diagram for SOCl 2 and COCl 2 .
Ans. Cl S Cl Cl C Cl
O
O

5.35. Draw electron dot diagrams for the following: (a)NH 3 ,(b)H 2 O, (c)H 2 O 2 ,(d) ClO , and (e) PCl 3 .
−
3
–
Ans. (a) H N H (b) H O H (c) H O O H (d) O Cl O (e) Cl P Cl
H O Cl
2−
5.36. Draw an electron dot diagram for each of the following: (a)SO 3 ,(b)SO 3 ,(c)Na 2 SO 3 , and (d)H 2 SO 3 .
2–
Ans. O
(a) O S O (c) 2 Na + O
O S O
2–
O O
(b) O S O (d ) H O S O H

In (a) a double bond is needed to make the octet of sulfur. In (b), the extra pair of electrons corresponding to
the charge makes the set of atoms an ion and it eliminates the need for a double bond. In (c), that same ion is
present, along with the two sodium ions to balance the charge. In (d), because hydrogen is a nonmetal, the
two hydrogen atoms are covalently bonded to oxygen atoms to complete the compound.

5.37. Draw electron dot structures for each of the following molecules: (a) CO, (b)CO 2 ,(c) HCN, and (d)
N 2 O (an unsymmetric molecule, with the two nitrogen atoms adjacent to each other).
Ans. (a) C O (b) O C O (c) H C N (d) NN O

5.38. Draw the electron dot diagram for ammonium sulfide, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 3 .
+ 2−
Ans. H
O
2 H N H
O S O
H