Page 8 - Sedimentology and Stratigraphy

ChapterID: 9781405193795_1_FM
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Comp. by: GBalasubramanian
Date:26/2/09
Time:21:10:40
Filepath:H:/00_Blackwell/00_3B2/Nichols-9781405193795/appln/3B2/
9781405193795_1_FM.3d
Contents vii
15 SHALLOW MARINE 19 STRATIGRAPHY: CONCEPTS
CARBONATE AND EVAPORITE AND LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY, 297
ENVIRONMENTS, 225 19.1 Geological time, 297
15.1 Carbonate and evaporite depositional 19.2 Stratigraphic units, 301
environments, 225 19.3 Lithostratigraphy, 302
15.2 Coastal carbonate and evaporite 19.4 Applications of lithostratigraphy, 306
environments, 228 Further reading, 310
15.3 Shallow marine carbonate environments, 233
15.4 Types of carbonate platform, 237 20 BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, 311
15.5 Marine evaporites, 242 20.1 Fossils and stratigraphy, 311
15.6 Mixed carbonate–clastic environments, 245 20.2 Classification of organisms, 312
Further reading, 245 20.3 Evolutionary trends, 314
20.4 Biozones and zone fossils, 315
16 DEEP MARINE ENVIRONMENTS, 247 20.5 Taxa used in biostratigraphy, 318
16.1 Ocean basins, 247 20.6 Biostratigraphic correlation, 321
16.2 Submarine fans, 250 20.7 Biostratigraphy in relation to other
16.3 Slope aprons, 256 stratigraphic techniques, 322
16.4 Contourites, 257 Further reading, 323
16.5 Oceanic sediments, 258
16.6 Fossils in deep ocean sediments, 261 21 DATING AND CORRELATION
16.7 Recognition of deep ocean deposits: TECHNIQUES, 324
summary, 261 21.1 Dating and correlation techniques, 324
Further reading, 262 21.2 Radiometric dating, 325
21.3 Other isotopic and chemical techniques, 329
17 VOLCANIC ROCKS AND 21.4 Magnetostratigraphy, 330
SEDIMENTS, 263 21.5 Dating in the Quaternary, 332
17.1 Volcanic rocks and sediment, 263 Further reading, 334
17.2 Transport and deposition of volcaniclastic
material, 265 22 SUBSURFACE STRATIGRAPHY
17.3 Eruption styles, 268 AND SEDIMENTOLOGY, 335
17.4 Facies associations in volcanic 22.1 Introduction to subsurface stratigraphy and
successions, 269 sedimentology, 335
17.5 Volcanic material in other environments, 271 22.2 Seismic reflection data, 336
17.6 Volcanic rocks in Earth history, 271 22.3 Borehole stratigraphy and sedimentology, 341
17.7 Recognition of volcanic deposits: 22.4 Geophysical logging, 343
summary, 272 22.5 Subsurface facies and basin analysis, 348
Further reading, 273 Further reading, 348

18 POST-DEPOSITIONAL STRUCTURES 23 SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND
AND DIAGENESIS, 274 SEA-LEVEL CHANGES, 349
18.1 Post-depositional modification of 23.1 Sea-level changes and sedimentation, 349
sedimentary layers, 274 23.2 Depositional sequences and systems
18.2 Diagenetic processes, 279 tracts, 357
18.3 Clastic diagenesis, 285 23.3 Parasequences: components of systems
18.4 Carbonate diagenesis, 287 tracts, 362
18.5 Post-depositional changes to 23.4 Carbonate sequence stratigraphy, 365
evaporites, 291 23.5 Sequence stratigraphy in non-marine
18.6 Diagenesis of volcaniclastic sediments, 291 basins, 368
18.7 Formation of coal, oil and gas, 292 23.6 Alternative schemes in sequence
Further reading, 296 stratigraphy, 368