Page 408 - Sensing, Intelligence, Motion : How Robots and Humans Move in an Unstructured World

DISCUSSION 383

• Visibility of the Scene: The subject either was given a bird’s-eye view of
the scene or was forced to “move in the dark.”
• Direction of the arm motion in the scene (this factor had played an auxiliary
role in the study): When moving the arm manipulator, the subject had to
move it either from “start” to “target” position or in the opposite direction.
• Training factor represented by specific days on which the test was taken:
Namely, on day 1 the subjects had moved the arm after only a small per-
functory practice; on day 2 they had a benefit of significant prior training.

The summary of results of statistical processing of testing data appears in Table 7.21
(here, “no” means “no effect”; the corresponding details appear in Sections 7.4.6
and 7.5.3). The table shows effects of each factor on the overall human performance
and on each component of human performance, path length and completion time.

TABLE 7.21. Summary of Results in Experiments One and Two
Data Statistics Test Factors Effects Found
Covered Used Involved
Experiment Effect for Effect for Effect for
One MANOVA LtoR RtoL Both
Interface Significant Significant Significant
Visibility Slight No No
ANOVA, Effect on Effect on
left-to-right Path Time
task
Interface Slight Significant
Visibility Slight Slight
ANOVA, Effect on Effect on
right-to-left Path Time
task
Interface No Significant
Visibility No No
Experiment Effect in Effect in
Two and Exp. 2 Combined
combined MANOVA Data
data
Training Slight No
Visibility No No
Experiment Effect on Effect on
Two ANOVA Path Time
Training No No
Visibility No No