Page 45 - Separation process principles 2

Table 1.1 (Continued)
Initial Created
Separation or Feed or Added Separating Industrial
Operation Symbola Phase Phase Agent(s) ~xam~le~
Evaporation (1 4) Liquid Vapor Heat transfer (ESA) Evaporation of water from
a solution of urea and water
(Vol. 23, pp. 555-558)

Crystallization ( 15) Liquid Solid (and Heat transfer (ESA) Crystallization of p-xylene
vapor) from a mixture with
m-xylene
(Vol. 24, pp. 718-723)

Desublimation (16) Vapor Solid Heat transfer (ESA) Recove~y of phthalic
anhydride from
noncondensible gas
(Vol. 17, pp. 741-742)

Leaching (liquid-solid Solid Liquid Liquid solvent Extraction of sucrose from
extraction) (1 7) sugar beets with hot water
(Vol. 21, pp. 907-908)
Foam fractionation (1 8) Liquid Gas Gas bubbles (MSA) Recovery of detergents
from waste solutions
(Vol. 10, pp. 544-545)

'~esign procedures are fairly well accepted.
OTrays are shown for columns, but alternatively packing can be used. Multiple feeds and side streams are often used and may be added to the symbol.
bCitations refer to volume and page(s) of Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York (1978-1984).