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Dilemma 2: Rules Versus Exceptions ■ 75

Japanese for objectivity. Eventually, they took the Chinese
characters over for the following word: kyakkanteki. This
means “the point of view of the outsider.” The opposite
is shukanteki: “the point of view of the insider.” Servant-
leadership gives both points of view the chance to be heard.
The servant-leader is like a gardener in a Japanese garden
that is designed to give people different views of reality.

Notes

1 Meredith R. Belbin, Management Teams: Why They Succeed or
Fail (London: Butterworth Heinemann, 2nd edition, 2004).
2 Milton J. Bennett, “Towards a Developmental Model of Inter-
cultural Sensitivity,” in R. Michael Paige, ed., Education for the
Intercultural Experience (Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press,
1993).
3 Charles Hampden-Turner, Charting the Corporate Mind: Graphic
Solutions to Business Confl icts (New York: The Free Press,
1990).