Page 346 - Shale Shakers Drilling Fluid Systems

328 SHALE SHAKERS AND DRILLING FLUID SYSTEMS

Titration The process of using a standard solution to determine of the amount of
some substance in another solution. The known solution is usually added
in a definite quantity to the unknown solution until a reaction is complete.

Tool Joint A drill-pipe coupler consisting of a threaded pin and a box of various
designs and sizes.

Torque (1) The turning effort caused by a force acting normal to the radius at a
specified distance from the axis of rotation. Torque is expressed in pound-
feet (pounds at a radius of one foot). Torque, Ib-ft = Force, Ibs x lever
arm, ft. (2) Drill string connections require a specific torque to be prop-
erly tightened. The drill string in a borehole experiences a frictional force
as it is rotated, which causes a torque in the drill string. Torque reduc-
tion can usually be accomplished by the addition of various drilling fluid
additives.

Total Depth (TD) The greatest depth reached by the drill bit in a particular well.

Total Dilution The volume of drilling fluid that is built to maintain a specified fraction
of drilled solids over a specified interval of footage if no solids are re-
moved from the system.

Total Hardness See.- Hardness (Water).

Total Head The sum of all the heads within a system (Total Head = velocity head +
pressure head + elevation head).

Total Non-Blanked Area The net unblocked area, in square feet, that will permit the passage of
fluid through a screen. Some screen designs can eliminate as much as
40% of the gross screen panel area from fluid flow due to backing plate
and bonding material blockage.

Tour A person's turn in an orderly schedule. The word, which designates the
shift of a drilling crew, is pronounced as if it were spelled t-o-w-e-r.

Trenchless Drilling Excavating material near the surface of tunnels, cables, pipelines, and so
forth, by drilling instead of digging ditches.

Trip The process of pulling the drill string from the hole and running it back
to the bottom again. One way (either in or out) is referred to as a
"half-trip." See.- Round Trip.

Trip Tank A gauged and calibrated vessel used to account for fill and displacement
volumes as pipe is pulled from and run into the hole. Close observation
allows early detection of formation fluid entering the wellbore and of
drilling fluid loss to a formation.

Turbidity A condition in a clear fluid that causes a lack of clarity caused by the
presence of suspended matter resulting in the scattering and absorption
of light rays.

Turbulent Flow Fluid flow in which the velocity at a given point that constantly changes
in magnitude and flow direction; pursues erratic and continually varying
courses. See: Critical Velocity, Reynolds Number.

Twist-Off The severing or failure of a drill pipe joint caused by excessive torque.