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Contents xi

7.3 Implementation issues 193
7.4 Open source development 198

Chapter 8 Software testing 205

8.1 Development testing 210
8.2 Test-driven development 221

8.3 Release testing 224
8.4 User testing 228

Chapter 9 Software evolution 234

9.1 Evolution processes 237
9.2 Program evolution dynamics 240

9.3 Software maintenance 242
9.4 Legacy system management 252

Part 2 Dependability and Security 261

Chapter 10 Sociotechnical systems 263

10.1 Complex systems 266

10.2 Systems engineering 273
10.3 System procurement 275

10.4 System development 278
10.5 System operation 281

Chapter 11 Dependability and security 289

11.1 Dependability properties 291
11.2 Availability and reliability 295
11.3 Safety 299

11.4 Security 302