Page 20 - Sustainability in the Process Industry Integration and Optimization

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Chapter 10 is a collection of examples and case studies that
support the material presented in previous chapters. This selection
of problems was collected by the authors over decades of teaching
and consulting. Most of the problems have step-by-step solutions
that feature comments and guidance for mastering the methodology.
The examples are organized in several thematic groups: basic Heat
Integration, Total Sites, integrated placement of energy-intensive
processes, placing utilities, and Water Pinch Technology.
Chapter 11 contains advanced examples that are based on
industrial case studies, most of which were performed and published
by the authors. The case studies presented include: (1) retrofit of a
fluid catalytic cracking unit process that featured a large-scale heat
recovery network; (2) de-bottlenecking of a heat-integrated crude-oil
distillation process; (3) water system optimization of a citrus juice
plant; (4) efficient water use in other food industries; (5) synthesis of
industrial utility systems; (6) heat and power integration in buildings
and building complexes; (6) optimal supply chain design; and
(7) scheduling a large-scale paint production system.
Chapter 12 distills some important and rare expertise: typical
pitfalls and how to avoid them. It addresses possible (and probable)
difficulties encountered during problem formulation and data
extraction. The chapter raises seemingly trivial yet fundamental
questions: When is a stream a stream? How precise must the data be
at each step? How can extreme changes in specific heat capacity be

handled? What rules and guidelines must be followed to properly
extract data? How can the heat loads, heat capacities, and temperatures
of an extracted stream be calculated? How “soft” are the data in a
plant or process flowsheet? How can capital costs and operating costs
be estimated? The provided answers are based on long-term
experience and could help readers to solve the right problem—that
is, a problem that accurately reflects the reality of the process
under consideration. The chapter also addresses the integration of
renewables that exhibit fluctuating demand and supply rates as well
as steady-state and dynamic performance considerations. The chapter
concludes with recommendations for interpreting results and
suggestions on the successful advocacy and implementation of
sustainable and optimal design.
Chapter 13 consists solely of information on sources for further
reading and information gathering. The various sources of
information about optimization and integration in the process
industry are arranged as follows: (1) general sources of information,
(2) Heat Integration, (3) Mass Integration, (4) combined analysis, and
(5) optimization for sustainable industry. Each topic is subdivided
into sections on conferences, journals, service providers, and
projects.
Chapter 14 presents conclusions and sources of further
information. Suggestions for further reading point to books and