Page 148 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Design Handbook

Renewable Energies Technology and Smart Grid in China Chapter j 6 125

indicates that the company has begun to enter the field of distributed microgrid
power generation. Based on microgrid controller, the system has integrated
50 kWPV power, 300 VAh energy storage, grid power, and 30 kW load. Under
normal circumstances, the load is completely powered by the PV modules.
When PV power decreases, the controller can deploy battery energy to the
load. Under the extreme cases that the DC energy is too small to meet the load,
the controller can switch the electricity supply to grid within 8 ms, to ensure
stable power supply of the load. Further reviews about Chinese smart grids
have shown the following successes.

Merits of the Chinese-Style Smart Grid

The merits of transmission include factors such as safety, reliability, and sta-
bility of the smart grid while accommodating production from renewable
energy sources. Highly uneven Chinese geographical distribution of electricity
production and electricity demand requires China to pay close attention to the
power transmission. The backbone of the Chinese smart grid has currently
hosted the world’s largest wind, solar, and energy storage integrated demon-
stration project (Popsci).
The key element to achieve smart grid construction, according to the 12th
Five-Year development plan of smart grid of Chinese State Grid, has the
following goals:
l Generation link: Grid may meet the demand of 60 GW wind generation
and 5 GW PV generation in 2015 and 347 GW wind generation and 198
GW PV generation in 2025. The capability of resource-optimized alloca-
tion is over 400 GW.
l Transmission link: The next 5 years’’ construction is to connect Chinese
large-scale energy bases and major load centers, which builds “3 vertical 3
horizontal” backbone EHV grid, which leads to high-level transmission
smart grid and transmission line availability factor of 99.6%. “5 vertical 6
horizontal” backbone EHV grid will be built in 2020. Meanwhile, smart
grid is fully designed and under construction.
l Transformer link function at high voltages: 6100 smart substations at above
110(66) kV should be completed in 2015, accounting for about 38% of the
total substation; 110(66) kV or above smart substations will account for
about 65% of the total substations in 2020.

Discussion on Chinese Cases, Investment, and Forecast
This decade set the stage for China’s smart grid full-scale construction and
improvement. In accordance with the Chinese development plan, from year
2011 to 2015, the smart grid construction investment amount will be over $300
billion and the total investment will reach $600 billion in 2020.