Page 35 - The Creative Training Idea Book Inspired Tips and Techniques for Engaging and Effective Learning

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24 The Creative Training Idea Book
developed in Paris by psychologist Alfred Binet and used for so many purposes is just
one result of the latter belief.
Much of the known cognitive research, such as that of Jean Piaget, viewed human
thinking as directed toward scientific thinking. The ability of a person to solve problems
through logical processes and succinctly describe findings was previously a primary
measure of intelligence. With the 1983 publication of Gardner’s research findings on
multiple intelligences (MI), much of this view began to change.
Originally, seven intelligences were identified, then Gardner added an eighth—
naturalist intelligence (see Table 1-5). This latter intelligence historically helped humans
survive by allowing identification of edible plants. Today, this intelligence assists in inter-
actions with one’s surroundings and in understanding the role that each element of the
surroundings plays in daily activities of life (e.g., in learning—recognizing subtle dif-
ferences between a variety of similar items).
One significant point made by Gardner related to the intelligences is that they are
independent and that rarely does a person show high performance in more than one
area.

Table 1-5. Gardner’s Eight Intelligences

Linguistic intelligence is the ability to read, write, and communicate effectively in
a variety of ways.

Logical–mathematical intelligence involves the ability to reason, calculate, think
in a logical manner, and process information.
Spatial intelligence provides the ability to think in pictures and to visualize a
conclusion or result.
Bodily kinesthetic intelligence gives the ability to solve problems or manipulate
items using one’s own body or parts of the body.

Musical–rhythmic intelligence allows someone to create or compose music
and to understand, interpret, and appreciate it.
Interpersonal intelligence is crucial for understanding others, their emotions,
traits, and abilities and how best to interact with people.
Intrapersonal intelligence provides the ability to form accurate perceptions
about oneself and use the knowledge to effectively function throughout life.
Naturalist intelligence gives the ability to observe, understand, and classify
patterns in nature.
All eight of these intelligences are equally important according to researcher Howard Gardner in Multiple
Intelligences: The Theory in Practice, p. 8.