Page 385 - Tunable Lasers Handbook
P. 385

7  Opticat Parametric Oscillators   345


                                   f ilvv+O  Ak=o



                                    I                                   ;  1
                                    I     -Increasing  Signal Frequency-
                                    I
                                    I                                   I
                                                                        I
                                                                       1
                                                                       I
                                                                       I
                                                                        I
                                                                       I
                                                                        I
                                          -increasing   Idler Frequency-
                                  FIGURE 23  Cluster effects in doublJ resonant devices.



                     closest set of  frequencies that satisfies both the resonance condition and the con-
                     servation of  energy can vary on a shot-to-shot basis. For example, the pump fre-
                     quency may experience small variations caused by small variations in the level of
                     excitation oE the pump laser. A small variation in the pump frequency may cause a
                     much  larger  difference  in  the  frequencies  that  satisfy both  the  conservation  of
                     energy and the resonance condition. Due to instabilities associated with the cluster
                     effect, the doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator is often avoided.


                     REFERENCES

                      1.  J. A. Giordmaine and R. C. Miller. “Tunable Coherent Parametric Oscillation in LiNbO; at Opti-
                        cal Frequencies,” Phyx. Rei: Lerr. 11, 973-976  (1965j.
                      2.  J. A. Amsrrong, N. Bloernbergen. J.  Ducuing,  and P. S. Pershan.  ”Interactions  between  Light
                        Waves in a Nonlinear Dielectric.” Php. Rei: 127, 1918-1938  1.1962;).
                      3.  G. D. Boyd and D. A. Kleinnian, ”Parametric Interaction of Focused Gaussian Light Beams,” J.
                        Appl. Phys. 39,3597-3639  (1968).
                      4.  S. E. Harris. ”Tunable Optical Parametric Oscillators,” Proc. IEEE 57,2096-21  13 (1969).
                      5.  S. J. Brosaan and R. L. Byer. “Optical Parametric Oscillator Threshold  and Linewidth Studies.”
                        IEEE J. Quantum Elect?-on. QE-15,115431 (1979).
                      6. R. L. Byer and S. E. Harris, ”Observation  of  Tunable Optical Parametric  Fluorescence.” Phxs.
                        Rev. Lerr. 18,732-731  (1968j.
                      7.  N. P.  Barnes  and V.  J.  Corcoran,  ’:i\cceptance  Angles  and  Spectral Bandw.idths  of  Nonlinear
                        Interactions,” Appl. Opt. 15, 696-699  (1976).
                      8. N. P. Barnes. “Tunable Mid Infrared Sources Using Second Order Nonlinearities,” Int. J. Nonlin-
                        em- Opr. 1,639-672  (1992).
                      9.  P. N. Butcher, Nonlinear Optical Phenomer~a, Bulletin  200 Ohio State University, Columbus,
                        OH (1965).
                     10. Nl. Born and E. Wolf. Principles QfOprics, Pergamon Press. New York (1961).
                     11.  E Zemike and J. E. Midwinter, ilppliediVonlb7eczr Oprirs. U‘iley,  Ne\% York ( 1973).
   380   381   382   383   384   385   386   387   388   389   390