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Chapter 4 Hardware, Software, and Mobile Systems
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Figure 4-17
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and Web Applications

applications are usually budgetary, not technological. As a businessperson, you can get just about
any application you can afford.
The downside of native applications is that they are, well, native. They only run on the
operating system for which they are programmed. An iOS application must be completely
27
recoded in order to run on Android and recoded again to run on Windows. Thus, to reach all
users, an organization will need to support and maintain three separate versions of the same
application. It will also have to staff and manage three different development teams, with three
different skill sets.
As a general rule, the cost of native applications is high. Many organizations reduce that cost
by outsourcing development to India and other countries (see the introduction to Chapter 11), but
native applications are still expensive relative to Web applications. The standard way to distribute
native applications is via a company store, such as iTunes, owned by Apple. An excellent example
of a native application is Vanguard’s iPad application. It is easy to use, has complex functionality,
and is highly secure, as you would expect. Companies such as Vanguard must and can afford to pay
for exceedingly high-quality applications.

Developing Web Applications

The third column in Figure 4-17 summarizes Web application characteristics. Such applications
run inside a browser such as Firefox, Chrome, Opera, or Edge. The browser handles the idiosyncra-
sies of the operating system and underlying hardware. In theory, an organization should be able to