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Preface









                                 Writing here in a popular and well illustrated style, leading young scien-
                                 tists describe their research and give their visions of future developm ents.
                                 The book conveys the excitem ent and enthusiasm  of the young authors. It
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                                 offers  definitive  reviews  for  people  with  a  general  interest  in he  future
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                                 directions  of science,  ranging from  researchers o  scientifically  m inded
                                 school children.
                                    All the contributions are popular presentations based on scholarly and
                                 authoritative  papers  that  the  authors  published  in  three  special
                                 Millennium  Issues of the Royal Society’s Philosophical Transactions. This
                                 has he  prestige  of being the  world’s  longest  running scientific  journal.
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                                 Founded in 1665, it has been publishing cutting-edge science for one third
                                 of a  m illennium .  It  was  used  by  Isaac  N ewton o  launch  his  scientific
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                                 career in 1672 with his first paper ‘N ew Theory about Light and Colours’.
                                 Under N ewton’s Presidency, from  1703 to his death in 1727, the reputation
                                 of the Royal Society was firm ly established am ong the scholars of Europe,
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                                 and oday  it  is he  UK’s  academ y  of science.  Many  of the  authors  are
                                 supported  financially  by  the  Society  under  its  prestigious  Research
                                 Fellowships schem e.
                                    Series A of the Philosophical Transactions is devoted to the whole of
                                 physical science, and as its Editor I m ade a careful selection of m aterial to
                                 cover subjects that are growing rapidly, and likely to be of long-term  inter-
                                 est and significance. Each contribution describes som e recent cutting-edge
                                 research, as well as putting it in its wider context, and looking forward to
                                 future developm ents. The collection gives a unique snapshot of the state
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                                 of physical  science  at he urn  of the  m illennium ,  while  CVs  and  pho-
                                 tographs of the authors give a personal perspective.
                                    The three Millennium  Issues of the journal have been distilled into
                                 three  corresponding books  by  Cam bridge  University  Press.  These  cover


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