Page 164 - Volcano and Geothermal Tourism

The Need for a Planning Framework to Preserve the Wilderness Values of Sibayak Volcano, North Sumatra, Indonesia 141

At the outset the plan can be informed by what Cochrane, J. (2006) ‘Indonesian national parks:
people are attracted to, which in turn has Understanding leisure users’, Annals of Tourism
implications for access and potential management Research, vol 33, no 4, pp979–997
actions. The examples of visitor surveys provided Dowling, R. and Newsome, D. (eds) (2006) Geotourism,
here also demonstrate visitor concerns about the Elsevier/Heinemann Publishers, Oxford
environment and support for potential management Erfurt-Cooper, P. (2008) Geotourism: Active
Geothermal and Volcanic Environments as Tourist
actions with a strong interest in visitor education, Destinations, in Dowling, R. and Newsome, D.
hence the call for a geosite interpretation plan. (eds) Conference Proceedings, Inaugural Global
While certainly not a panacea, the establish- Geotourism Conference, 17–20 August 2008, Perth,
ment of a planning framework is an important Western Australia, pp165–174
step toward addressing many issues. A tourism- Leung, Y.-F. and Marion, J. L. (1999) ‘Assessing trail
planning framework provides structure for conditions in protected areas: Application of a
strategic, and more effective, allocation of often problem assessment method in Great Smoky
meagre management resources. The key to Mountains National Park, USA’, Environmental
successful implementation of a tourism-planning Conservation, vol 26, no 4, pp270–279
framework is possession of reliable tourism McArthur, S. (2000) ‘Visitor management in action:
(human use) and biophysical impact data. In An analysis of the development and implementation
of visitor management models at Jenolan Caves
Sumatra this type of information is very often and Kangaroo Island’, PhD Thesis, University of
patchy or non-existent owing to a lack of skills or Canberra, Canberra, ACT
resources to gather and analyse data. Because of Marion, J. and Leung, Y.-F. (2004) ‘Environmentally
the absence of evaluation and monitoring data it Sustainable Trail Management’, in Buckley, R. (ed)
is often difficult to come up with accurate figures Environmental Impacts of Ecotourism, CABI
on the extent of recreation and tourism in natural Publishing, Wallingford
and protected areas. However, because of the need Mende, P. and Newsome, D. (2006) ‘The assessment,
to protect Indonesia’s remaining natural areas, and monitoring and management of hiking trails: A
a rising interest in human visitation to volcanoes case study from the Stirling Range National Park,
and other natural environments, recreation/ Western Australia’, Conservation Science Western
Australia, vol 5, no 3, pp27–37
tourism specific management strategies will need Newsome, D., Moore, S. and Dowling, R. (2002)
to be employed. Natural Area Tourism: Ecology Impacts and Management,
References Channel View Publications, ClevelandTilden, F.
(1957) Interpreting Our Heritage, Chapel Hill, NC:
Anderson, D. H., Lime, D. W. and Wang, T. L. (1998) University of North Carolina Press.Travellers
Maintaining the Quality of Park Resources and Visitor Digest (2009) www.travellersdigest.com/best_
Experiences (Report No. TC-777), Cooperative volcanoes.htm, accessed 5 September 2009
Parks Studies Unit Department of Forest Resources Timothy, D. J. (1999) ‘Participatory planning: A view
University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN of tourism in Indonesia’, Annals of Tourism Research,
Buckley, R. and Pannell, J. (1990) ‘Environmental vol 26, no 2, pp371–391
impacts of tourism and recreation in national parks Vaisutis, J., Elliot, N., Ray, N., Stewart, I., Ver Berkmoes,
and conservation reserves’, Journal of Tourism Studies, R., Williams, C., Witton, P. and Yanagihara, W.
vol 1, no1, pp24–32 (2007) Lonely Planet Guide to Indonesia, Lonely
Chin, C. L. M., Moore, S. A., Dowling, R. K. and Planet Publications, London
Wallington, T. J. (2000) ‘Ecotourism in Bako Watson, G. (2008) ‘Pinnacles Desert Discovery:
National Park, Borneo: Visitors’ perceptions on Maintaining the Magic of a Western Australian
environmental impacts and their management’, Tourism Icon’, in Dowling, R. and Newsome, D.
Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol 8, pp20–35 (eds) Conference Proceedings, Inaugural Global
Cochrane, J. (1996) ‘The Sustainability of Ecotourism Geotourism Conference, 17–20 August 2008, Perth,
in Indonesia: Fact or Fiction’, in M. J. G. Parnwell Western Australia, pp. 377–382
and R. L. Bryant (eds) Environmental Change in Worboys, G., Lockwood, M. and De Lacy, T. (2005)
South-East Asia: People, Politics and Sustainable Protected Area Management, Oxford University Press,
Development, Routledge, London and New York Melbourne, Australia

Ch08.indd 141 3/28/2010 1:28:19 PM