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100 Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial
Vesilind, P.A., Peirce, J.J., and Weiner, R.F., Environmental Engineering, 2nd ed., Butterworths Publishing,
Boston, MA, 1988.
Vesilind, P.A., Worell, W.A., and Reinhart, D.A., Solid Waste Engineering, Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, CA, 2002.
Williams, P.T., Waste Treatment and Disposal, Wiley, New York, NY, 1998.
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, The state of Wisconsin solid waste management plan, Madison,
WI, 1981.
Yu, C. and MacLaren, V., A comparison of two waste stream quantification and characterization methodolo-
gies, Waste Manage. Res., 13, 343-361, 1995.

SUGGESTED READINGS AND WEB SITES
Ali Khan, M. and Buney, F., Forecasting solid waste compositions, Resource Conserv. Recycling, 3, 1–17, 1989.
Alter, H., The origins of municipal solid waste: the relations between residues from packaging materials and
food, Waste Manage. Res., 7, 103–114, 1989.
Black, R.J., Muhich, A.J., Klee, A.J., Hickman, H.L., and Vaughn, R.D., The National Solid Wastes Survey:
An Interim Report, National Technical Information Service, NTIS Report PB 260 102, 1968.
Boyd, G. and Hawkins, M., Methods of Predicting Solid Waste Characteristics, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Waste, SW-23c, Washington, DC, 1971.
Cailas, M.D., Kerzee, R., Swager, R., and Anderson, R., Development and Application of a Comprehensive
Approach for Estimating Solid Waste Generation in Illinois, The Center for Solid Waste Management
and Research, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IM, 1993.
Davidson, G. R., Residential Solid Waste Generation in Low Income Areas, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC, 1972.
Dayal, G., Yadav, A., Singh, R. P., and Upadhyay, R., Impact of climatic conditions and socioeconomic status
on solid waste characteristics: a case study, the Sci. Total Environ., 136, 143–153, 1993.
DSM Environmental Services, Inc., Vermont Waste Composition Study. Prepared for Vermont Department of
Environmental Conservation Solid Waste Program, Ascutney, VT, 2002.
Franklin, W. and Franklin, M., Solid waste stream characteristics, in Integrated Solid Waste Management:
Options for Legislative Action, Kreith, F., Ed., Genium Publishing Corporation Schenectady, NY, 1990.
Frossman, D.J., Hudson, F., and Marks, D. H., Waste generation models for solid waste collection, J. Environ.
Eng. Div. ASCE, 100, 1219–1230, 1974.
Henricks, S.L., 1994. Socio-economic Determinants of Solid Waste Generation and Composition in Florida,
MS thesis, Duke University School of the Environment. Durham, NC, 1994.
Hockett, D., Lober, D. J., and Pilgrim, K., Determinants of per capita municipal solid waste generation in the
southeastern United States, J. Environ. Manag., 45, 205–217, 1995.
McCauley-Bell, P. and Reinhart, D., Development of a Waste Composition Study Planning and Analysis Tool
(MSW-XPert), Report #97-3, Florida Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Management,
Gainesville, FL, 1997.
Mantell, C. L., Ed. Solid Wastes: Origin, Collection, Processing, and Disposal. Wiley-Interscience, New York,
NY, 1975.
Miller, C., Garbage by the numbers, National Solid Wastes Management Association Research Bulletin 02-02,
2002. See: http://www.nswma.org/General%20Issues/Garbage%20By%20The%20Numbers%202002.
pdf
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Waste Composition 2000 Report and 2002 Study Update, 2000.
See: http://www.deq.state.or.us/wmc/solwaste/wcrep/wcrep2002.htm
Toronto, City of, No date, Solid Waste Quantity and Composition. How much? What is it?
See: www.city.toronto.on.ca/wes/techservices/involved/ swm/net/pdf/presentation_March05_03.pdf

QUESTIONS
1. Since the late 1980s many municipalities have invested large sums in order to obtain
accurate and reliable data on local waste composition and quantities. What is the signif-
icance to a community to obtain such data, i.e., how are the data used?