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38 Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial
FIGURE 2.13 An unsanitary open dump. Photos provided by Wright Environmental Management, Inc. Original
source unknown.
2.8 SOLID WASTE INCINERATION AND OTHER THERMAL PROCESSES
England and Germany were at the vanguard in developing effective solid waste incineration systems
for the purposes of both volume reduction and energy production. The first municipal waste inciner-
ation system began operations in Nottingham, England, in 1874 (Murphy, 1993). In 1892, a cholera
