Page 206 - Wastewater Solids Incineration Systems

172 Wastewater Solids Incineration Systems

TABLE 7.3 Typical emissions from a fluid bed incinerator with current APC system.

Parameter
Particulate matter 0.05 kg/metric tonne ( 0.10 lb/ton)
PM10 0.05 kg/metric tonne ( 0.10 lb/ton)
3
CO 36 mg/Nm at 11% O2 ( 40 ppm dv)
3
VOC 7 mg/Nm at 11% O2 ( 5.0 ppm dv)
3
NOx 22–117 mg/Nm at 11% O2 (15–80 ppm dv)
3
SO 20 mg/Nm at 11% O2 ( 10 ppm dv)
2
3
HCl 5 mg/Nm at 11% O2 ( 4.0 ppm dv)
–9
–9
2, 3, 7, 8 TCDD, TEQ 0.7 10 kg/metric tonne ( 1.4 10 lb/ton)
–6
–6
Total PCBs 0.6 10 kg/metric tonne ( 1.2 10 lb/ton)
Metals
Hg, Ar, Be, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mg, Mn, Ni, Se, Zn Removal efficiencies for all listed metals 99 %
and is preferred over a THC analyzer. Because the Part 503 regulations require that
either THC or CO be continuously monitored and that stack gas concentrations of
less than 100 mg/kg (100 ppm dv) on a monthly average basis be continuously
demonstrated, a carbon monoxide analyzer is typically used on a fluid bed inciner-
ator, which can achieve low emissions of CO, typically less than 20 mg/kg (20 ppm).
Some state regulatory agencies will require continuous monitoring of other pol-
lutants depending on specific region air quality requirements.
A survey of CEMS conducted by the Water Environment Research Foundation,
Alexandria, Virginia, and the National Association of Clean Water Agencies (formerly
Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies), Washington, D.C., found that incin-
erators consistently meet their THC and CO emission limits set by the Part 503 regula-
tions. The survey indicated that the annual monthly average THC and CO concentra-
3
tions in 2003 were both approximately 36 mg/Nm dv (26 ppm dv ). However, the
11 7
survey also revealed that operators with THC monitors have extensive problems
operating and maintaining these units. Operators with THC monitors report an
average monitor life span of seven years and an average annual operating and main-
tenance cost of $25,000. Problems with the THC monitors include difficulty obtaining
calibration gases, excessive cost of calibration gases, plugged sample lines, clogged fil-
ters, sample pump failures, problems keeping the analyzer in service, and problems
with the software and data acquisition systems. In contrast, no significant operating
or maintenance problems were reported for the CO monitors (AMSA/WERF, 2004).