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in Jackson, Mississippi, in 1983. At the time, Hill to participate in the appeals process. In an interview
contemplated assassinating a Supreme Court justice to given from the Florida State Penitentiary. Hill has
hasten an appointment that might lead to the overthrow stated that he is convinced he can save more babies
of Roe v. Wade; because he was a minister, Hill decided by becoming a martyr for the antiabortion movement
against murder. In 1990, however, Hill voluntarily than by trying to save his own life.
turned in his ministerial credentials, leaving him free,
See also ANTIABORTION MOVEMENT; MICHAEL GRIFFIN
in his mind, to follow Griffin’s lead.
Although Griffin and Hill never met, five days
after Griffin shot Dr. David Gunn outside the Further Reading
Pensacola Women’s Medical Services clinic in Baird-Windle, Patricia, and Eleanor J. Bader. Targets of
Florida, Hill appeared on a television show, Donahue, Hatred: Anti-Abortion Terrorism. New York: Palgrave,
to justify the murder of Dr. Gunn, who Hill compared 2001.
to a Nazi concentration camp doctor. Within months Gorney, Cynthia. Articles of Faith: A Frontline History of
of Dr. Gunn’s murder, Hill formed Defensive Action, the Abortion Wars. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998.
a small antiabortion group that advocated violence
to end abortion, and drafted a “Defensive Action State-
ment,” signed by 29 other antiabortion activists. HIZB-UL-MUJAHIDEEN
Hill was quickly becoming one of the most
outspoken members of the movement. His rhetoric
eventually led to Hill’s excommunication from a Hizb-ul-Mujahideen is one of the largest militant
Presbyterian Church in Valparaiso, Florida, where he Muslim groups operating in the disputed territories of
lived with his wife and three children. Undaunted, Jammu and Kashmir—both are claimed by India and
in December 1993, Hill appeared on Nightline to Pakistan. Hizb-ul-Mujahideen supports the integra-
justify Rachelle Shannon’s attempted murder of tion of Jammu and Kashmir into Pakistan, a Muslim
Dr. George Tiller, an abortion provider in Wichita, country where the group is headquartered. Hizb-ul-
Kansas. Mujahideen is unusual among Muslim groups in that
Hill protested each week outside the Ladies Center many of its members are native Kashmiris, rather than
in Pensacola, Florida, where 69-year-old Dr. John foreign militants. Hizb-ul-Mujahideen has been
Bayard Britton, Dr. Gunn’s successor, provided abor- linked to the vicious massacres of non-Muslims in
tion services. On July 29, 1994, Paul Hill arrived at Jammu and Kashmir in 1998 and 2000. Although the
the Ladies Center just before 7:00 A.M. to join the group has continued to embrace violence, it has more
usual Friday protests. A half-hour later, as Dr. Britton recently reached brief cease-fires with India.
and his bodyguard, James Barrett, drove into the park- Hizb-ul-Mujahideen was founded in the late 1980s
ing lot outside the clinic, Hill opened fire with a shot- as a militant wing of Pakistan’s Jamaat-e-Islami,
gun, killing both Britton and Barrett; Barrett’s wife, an Islamic political party. The group was reportedly
June, was also struck, but survived. backed by Pakistan’s intelligence agency as a coun-
Hill claims he had decided to kill Dr. Britton terforce to the secular, proindependence Jammu
just one week earlier; however, FBI informer Jerry and Kashmir Liberation Front. Hizb-ul-Mujahideen
Reiter, once a volunteer with the antiabortion group members received training in terrorist camps in
Operation Rescue, claimed that Hill prophesied, Afghanistan.
months earlier, an “IRA-type reign of terror” follow- For years, Hizb-ul-Mujahideen operated as a sort
ing Griffin’s murder trial. of a local intelligence wing, assisting other militant
In December 1994, Hill received two life sentences Muslim groups whose members were largely foreign.
for violating federal clinic protection laws, and was Hizb-ul-Mujahideen attacked both Indian forces
convicted of a Florida State murder charge, for which and proindependence Kashmiri groups, especially the
he was sentenced to death. Unlike Griffin, who Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front. Eventually,
denounced antiabortion violence after two years in Hizb-ul-Mujahideen became linked with Lashkar-e-
jail, Hill remains unrepentant. In March 1997, follow- Tayyiba, a radical Muslim group known for extrem-
ing a Florida Supreme Court decision that affirmed ism and violence. Hizb-ul-Mujahideen forces took
Hill’s death sentence, Hill officially waived his right part in widespread murders of non-Muslims in