Page 289 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

4.5 Impact Categories, Impact Indicators and Characterisation Factors 273

Table 4.15 Indicative- and limit values for varying explanatory frameworks.

Substance Indicative values for indoor air a MAK values b

BGA c IRK/AOLG d DFG (2007)
RW e RW I f RW II g —
Toluene — 0.3 mg m −3 (1996) 3 mg m −3 (1996) 190 mg m −3
Formaldehyde 125 μgm −3 (1977) — — 0.37 mg m −3
h
Carcinogen (category 4 )
Pentachlorophenol — 0.1 μgm −3 (1997) 1 μgm −3 (1997) No value established
i
Carcinogen (category 2 )
a
Reichl and Schwenk (2004).
b DFG (2007).
c
German Federal Office of Health (BGA – Bundesgesundheitsamt).
d Indoor air hygiene commission of the German Federal Environmental Agency
(IRK – Innenraumlufthygienekommision) and working groups of Highest Regional Authorities
(AOLG).
e Indicative value (RW – Richtwert).
f Indicative value I: Concentration of a substance in the indoor air whereby according to present
knowledge even for lifelong exposition no health demanding impacts are to be expected.
g Indicative value II: concentration of a substance which if reached or exceeded requires an immediate
call for action as it is expected especially for sensitive people in case of a prolonged exposition to have
a health threatening impact.
h Carcinogenic category 4: substances with carcinogenic impact where genotoxic impacts are of no or
of minor importance. For an adherence to MAK and BAT 289 values no considerable contribution to a
risk for cancer can be expected.
i
Carcinogenic category 2: substances regarded as carcinogenic for humans where due to long-term
animal experiments and epidemiological investigations a considerable contribution to a risk for
cancer can be expected.

Q 1/ADI (kg body weight × d/mg); reciprocal ADI of the reference substance
ref ref
m released mass of the substance i per fU.
i
The reference substance can be chosen arbitrarily.
If in the impact category, human toxicity, a weighting is accomplished by selected
limit or the respective indicative values, toxic substances that are not considered in
appropriate lists have to be determined separately and may be verbally interpreted
and evaluated.
4.5.3.2.3 Characterisation with Supplementary Exposure Estimation The neglect
of exposure by the simple weighting method according to Equation 4.24 is a
limitation. Thus acute highly toxic substances are over-estimated by their low OELs
like MAK-values because for an exposure over environmental media, the acute
toxicity – contrary to the working site – is of minor importance for the following
two reasons:

289) German:‘Biologosche Arbeitsplatz Toleranzwerte’, biologically permissive values at the work-
ing site.