Page 74 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

Chapter 6
Introduction to LCA Methodology

Michael Z. Hauschild

Abstract In order to offer the reader an overview of the LCA methodology in the
preparation of the more detailed description of its different phases, a brief intro-
duction is given to the methodological framework according to the ISO 14040
standard and the main elements of each of its phases. Emphasis is on the iterative
nature of the LCA process with its many feedback loops between the different
phases. It is explained how the integrated use of sensitivity analysis helps identify
key assumptions and key data and thus ensure effectiveness by directing the focus
of the LCA practitioner to those parts of the study where additional work con-
tributes most to strengthen the results and conclusions of the study.

Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, the reader should be able to
• Draw and explain the methodological framework for LCA.
• Present an overview of the phases of LCA, their purpose and main elements.
• Explain the iterative nature of LCA and its rationale in terms of helping the LCA
practitioner focus on what matters most for the results and conclusions of the
study.

6.1 Introduction

As described in Chap. 3, the need for agreement on common principles for how to
perform an LCA was realised back in the 1980s. An international discussion of
methodological issues took off around 1990 under the auspices of SETAC leading

M.Z. Hauschild (&)
Division for Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Management
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
e-mail: mzha@dtu.dk
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018 59
M.Z. Hauschild et al. (eds.), Life Cycle Assessment,
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56475-3_6