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194 Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment

main barrier to extending the monitoring of pharmaceuticals to routine laboratories
is the high cost of the LC-MS/MS instruments commonly reported for pharmaceuti-
cal determination in sludge. Therefore, more investigation is needed to promote the
determination of at least some of the most environmentally relevant pharmaceuti-
cal compounds by means of the development of analytical methods affordable for a
larger number of routine laboratories.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Spain (Project
no. CGL2007-62281) and the Programa de Becas de Formación de Profesorado
Universitario (Ministerio de Educación, Spain) for financial support to carry out the
case studies reported in Section 9.3.

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