Page 259 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

240 Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment

The advantages of the cementation process are as follows:
• Basic control necessities. The interest in treatment of the substance is
dependent on the rate at which the target toxin enters the system. In the
iron cementation of copper, the rate of iron use shifts according to the rate
at which copper particles are released into the system. This dispenses with
the requirement for close checking of the waste stream development and
outside control of the supply rate of the treatment reagent.
• Low energy use.
• Recovery of important high-purity metals, for example, copper.

11.6 CONCLUSION
Heavy metal contamination of wastewater is one of the most vital ecological issues all
around the world. To meet the expanded, increasingly stringent ecological directives,
an extensive variety of treatment innovations, for example, chemical precipitation,
coagulation flocculation, electrochemical treatment, ion exchange, and membrane
filtration, have been created for heavy metal removal from wastewater. Albeit all the
heavy metal wastewater treatment procedures can be used to remove heavy metals,
they each have their own favorable circumstances and constraints. Albeit every strat-
egy described can be used for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater, it is essential
to specify that the choice of the most appropriate treatment procedures relies on
the underlying metal concentration, the type of wastewater, capital speculation and
operational cost, plant adaptability, consistent quality, ecological effects, and so on.

REFERENCES
Ahamad, T., Naushad, M., AlMaswari B. M., et al. 2017. Synthesis of a recyclable mesopo-
2+
rous nanocomposite for efficient removal of toxic Hg from aqueous medium. Journal
of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 53: 268–75.
Ahmad, A. L. and B. S. Ooi. 2010. A study on acid reclamation and copper recovery using
low pressure nanofiltration membrane. Chemical Engineering Journal 156: 257–63.
Al Othman, Z. A., Alam, M. M., and Naushad, M., 2013. Heavy toxic metal ion exchange
kinetics: Validation of ion exchange process on composite cation exchanger nylon 6,6
Zr(IV) phosphate. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 19: 956–960.
Alvarez-Ayuso, E., Garcia-Sanchez, A., and X. Querol. 2003. Purification of metal electro-
plating waste waters using zeolites. Water Research 37: 4855–62.
Alyuz, B. and S. Veli. 2009. Kinetics and equilibrium studies for the removal of nickel and zinc
from aqueous solutions by ion exchange resins. Journal of Hazardous Materials 167: 482–8.
Ashfaque, F., Inam, A., S. Sahay, et al. 2016. Influence of heavy metal toxicity on plant
growth, metabolism and its alleviation by phytoremediation—a promising technology.
Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International 6(2): 1–19.
Ashraf, R. and T. A. Ali. 2007. Effect of heavy metals on soil microbial community and mung
beans seed germination. Pakistan Journals of Botany 39(2): 629–36.
Ayandiran, T. A., Fawole, O. O., S. O. Adewoye, et al. 2009. Bioconcentration of metals in the
body muscle and gut of Clarias gariepinus exposed to sublethal concentrations of soap
and detergent effluent. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology 3(8): 113–18.
Aziz, H. A., Yusoff, M. S., M. N. Adlan, et al. 2004. Physico-chemical removal of iron from
semi-aerobic landfill leachate by limestone filter. Waste Management 24(4): 353–8.