Page 262 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition
P. 262
Support Sustainable Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries
Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment
12 Life Cycle Assessment
Applied to Support
Sustainable Wastewater
Treatment in
Developing Countries
Lineker Max Goulart Coelho,
Hosmanny Mauro Goulart Coelho, and
Liséte Celina Lange
CONTENTS
12.1 Introduction: Sustainability Challenges in Developing Countries ..............244
12.2 Wastewater and Sustainability ....................................................................244
12.3 Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries ........................................245
12.4 Wastewater Life Cycle Assessment Studies in Developing Countries ........246
12.4.1 Previous Studies ..............................................................................247
12.4.2 Review Process ...............................................................................248
12.4.3 Temporal Evolution ........................................................................249
12.4.4 Region of Research .........................................................................250
12.4.5 Research Scope ...............................................................................252
12.4.6 Functional Unit ...............................................................................256
12.4.7 ISO Standards Adoption .................................................................257
12.4.8 LCA Approach and Methodology ..................................................257
12.4.9 Impact Categories ...........................................................................258
12.4.10 Normalization Procedures ............................................................260
12.4.11 Sensitivity Analysis .......................................................................260
12.5 Recommendations and Perspectives ........................................................... 261
12.5.1 Consideration of Adapted Treatment Technologies ....................... 261
12.5.2 Consideration of Regional Characteristics .....................................262
12.5.3 Standardization of Studies .............................................................263
12.5.4 Consideration of Costs and Social Issues .......................................263
12.5.5 General Recommendations .............................................................264
12.6 Conclusions .................................................................................................264
References ..............................................................................................................264
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