Page 9 - Petroleum Production Engineering, A Computer-Assisted Approach

Guo, Boyun / Petroleum Production Engineering, A Computer-Assisted Approach Guo-prelims Final Proof page xvii 29.12.2006 10:39am

List of Figures

Figure 1.1: A sketch of a petroleum production Figure 4.4: Pressure traverse given by Hagedorn
system. BrownCorreltion.xls for Example.
Figure 1.2: A typical hydrocarbon phase diagram. Figure 4.5: Calculated tubing pressure profile for
Figure 1.3: A sketch of a water-drive reservoir. Example Problem 4.5.
Figure 1.4: A sketch of a gas-cap drive reservoir. Figure 5.1: A typical choke performance curve.
Figure 1.5: A sketch of a dissolved-gas drive reservoir. Figure 5.2: Choke flow coefficient for nozzle-type
Figure 1.6: A sketch of a typical flowing oil well. chokes.
Figure 1.7: A sketch of a wellhead. Figure 5.3: Choke flow coefficient for orifice-type
Figure 1.8: A sketch of a casing head. chokes.
Figure 1.9: A sketch of a tubing head. Figure 6.1: Nodal analysis for Example Problem 6.1.
Figure 1.10: A sketch of a ‘‘Christmas tree.’’ Figure 6.2: Nodal analysis for Example Problem 6.4.
Figure 1.11: Sketch of a surface valve. Figure 6.3: Nodal analysis for Example Problem 6.5.
Figure 1.12: A sketch of a wellhead choke. Figure 6.4: Nodal analysis for Example Problem 6.6.
Figure 1.13: Conventional horizontal separator. Figure 6.5: Nodal analysis for Example Problem 6.8.
Figure 1.14: Double action piston pump. Figure 6.6: Schematic of a multilateral well trajectory.
Figure 1.15: Elements of a typical reciprocating Figure 6.7: Nomenclature of a multilateral well.
compressor. Figure 7.1: Nodal analysis plot for Example Problem
Figure 1.16: Uses of offshore pipelines. 7.1.
Figure 1.17: Safety device symbols. Figure 7.2: Production forecast for Example Problem
Figure 1.18: Safety system designs for surface wellhead 7.2.
flowlines. Figure 7.3: Nodal analysis plot for Example Problem
Figure 1.19: Safety system designs for underwater 7.2.
wellhead flowlines. Figure 7.4: Production forecast for Example Problem
Figure 1.20: Safety system design for pressure vessel. 7.2
Figure 1.21: Safety system design for pipeline pumps. Figure 7.3: Production forecast for Example Problem
Figure 1.22: Safety system design for other pumps. 7.3.
Figure 3.1: A sketch of a radial flow reservoir model: Figure 7.4: Result of production forecast for Example
(a) lateral view, (b) top view. Problem 7.4.
Figure 3.2: A sketch of a reservoir with a constant- Figure 8.1: A semilog plot of q versus t indicating an
pressure boundary. exponential decline.
Figure 3.3: A sketch of a reservoir with no-flow Figure 8.2: A plot of N p versus q indicating an
boundaries. exponential decline.
Figure 3.4: (a) Shape factors for various closed Figure 8.3: A plot of log(q) versus log(t) indicating a
drainage areas with low-aspect ratios. harmonic decline.
(b) Shape factors for closed drainage areas Figure 8.4: A plot of N p versus log(q) indicating a
with high-aspect ratios. harmonic decline.
Figure 3.5: A typical IPR curve for an oil well. Figure 8.5: A plot of relative decline rate versus
Figure 3.6: Transient IPR curve for Example Problem production rate.
3.1. Figure 8.6: Procedure for determining a- and b-values.
Figure 3.7: Steady-state IPR curve for Example Figure 8.7: A plot of log(q) versus t showing an
Problem 3.1. exponential decline.
Figure 3.8: Pseudo–steady-state IPR curve for Figure 8.8: Relative decline rate plot showing
Example Problem 3.1. exponential decline.
Figure 3.9: IPR curve for Example Problem 3.2. Figure 8.9: Projected production rate by an
Figure 3.10: Generalized Vogel IPR model for partial exponential decline model.
two-phase reservoirs. Figure 8.10: Relative decline rate plot showing
Figure 3.11: IPR curve for Example Problem 3.3. harmonic decline.
Figure 3.12: IPR curves for Example Problem 3.4, Figure 8.11: Projected production rate by a harmonic
Well A. decline model.
Figure 3.13: IPR curves for Example Problem 3.4, Figure 8.12: Relative decline rate plot showing
Well B hyperbolic decline.
Figure 3.14: IPR curves for Example Problem 3.5. Figure 8.13: Relative decline rate plot showing
Figure 3.15: IPR curves of individual layers. hyperbolic decline.
Figure 3.16: Composite IPR curve for all the layers Figure 8.14: Projected production rate by a hyperbolic
open to flow. decline model.
Figure 3.17: Composite IPR curve for Group 2 (Layers Figure 9.1: A simple uniaxial test of a metal specimen.
B4, C1, and C2). Figure 9.2: Effect of tension stress on tangential stress.
Figure 3.18: Composite IPR curve for Group 3 (Layers Figure 9.3: Tubing–packer relation.
B1, A4, and A5). Figure 9.4: Ballooning and buckling effects.
Figure 3.19: IPR curves for Example Problem 3.6. Figure 10.1: A typical vertical separator.
Figure 3.20: IPR curves for Example Problem 3.7. Figure 10.2: A typical horizontal separator.
Figure 4.1: Flow along a tubing string. Figure 10.3: A typical horizontal double-tube
Figure 4.2: Darcy–Wiesbach friction factor diagram. separator.
Figure 4.3: Flow regimes in gas-liquid flow. Figure 10.4: A typical horizontal three-phase
separator.