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CONTENTS
Chapter 11. Lime Softening Michael B. Hor$1ey, Ooug B. Elder, P.E.,
and Leland L. Harms 11.1
Water Hardness and Softening Treatment / lI.1
Pretreatment / 11.5
Lime Softening Processes / 11.6
Softening Process Basins / 11.13
Special Lime Softening Design Considerations / 11.16
Future Trends in Softening / 11.19
Bibliography / 11.19
Chapter 12. Ion Exchange Applications in Water Treatment
Michael C. Gottlieb 12.1
Introduction / 12.1
The Ion Exchange Process / 12.6
Cation Exchange Process / 12.9
Anion Exchange Processes / 12.12
Demineralization / 12.30
Basics of Equipment Design / 12.32
Regeneration Methods / 12.33
Boundaries between Suppliers, Consultants, and Users / 12.53
Future Trends in Ion Exchange / 12.54
Bibliography / 12.54
Chapter 13. Membrane Processes Robert A. Bergman, P.E. 13.1
Types of Membrane Processes / 13.1
Membrane System Components and Design Considerations / 13.8
Membrane Unit Design / 13.25
Other Membrane Process Design Considerations / 13.41
Bibliography / 13.48
Chapter 14. Activated Carbon Processes Richard D. Brady 14.1
Characteristics of Activated Carbon / 14.1
Design of Powdered Activated Carbon Facilities / 14.4
Design of Granular Activated Carbon Facilities / 14.9
Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon / 14.33
Bibliography / 14.37
Chapter 15. Chemicals and Chemical Handling Jerry L. Anderson, P.E. 15.1
Receiving and Storing Process Chemicals / 15.1
Chemical Feed and Metering Systems / 15.17
Designing for Safety and Hazardous Conditions / 15.41
Recent Trends in Chemical Handling and Use / 15.50
Bibliography / 15.53
