Page 485 - A Comprehensive Guide to Solar Energy Systems

498 A CoMPrEhEnsiVE GUidE To solAr EnErGy sysTEMs

Table 25.2 Renewable Energy Cost Minimization Example: Vermont
Storage Storage
Solar PV Hydropower Wind Biomass Flow a Stock b System
Optimal capacity/MW 1567 219 1022 0 471 45 864
Case study plant size/ 4.7 0.4 63.0 50.0 1143
MW
Case study plants 334 607 16 0 0.41
needed
Annual generation/ 2.8 0.9 3.0 0 0.4 6.7
TW h
Portion of total 42% 13% 45% 0% 100%
generation/%
Capacity factor 20% 47% 33% na
Total investment/10 $ $2,210 $774 $1,630 $0 $811 $553 $5,978
6
Portion of total 37% 13% 27% 0% 14% 9% 100%
investment/%
Plant life/years 30 40 25 30 40 40
Interest rate/% 8.0% 8.0% 8.0% 8.0% 8.0% 8.0%
Levelized capital $196 $65 $153 $0 $68 $46 $528
cost/10 $
6
Operating cost/10 $ $16 $4 $38 $0 $1 $1 $61
6
Total annual $212.8 $68.9 $191.0 $0 $69 $47 $589
6
cost/10 $
LCOE/$ (MWh) −1 $76 $77 $64 na $270 $111
a Storage flow is the maximum storage input or output power in MW.
b Storage stock is the maximum quantity of energy storage in MW h.

Table 25.3 Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) for Alternative Production Scenarios
Energy Facilities Included
Hydro- LCOE/$ Increase From
Scenario Solar PV power Wind Biomass Storage (MW h) −1 Base/%
1 All sources X X X X X 111 na
2 No storage X X X X 177 59
3 No biomass X X X X 111 0
No biomass or 252 128
4 storage X X X
5 No wind X X X X 134 21
6 No hydro X X X X 116 5
7 No solar X X X X 149 34
8 Wind and storage X X 151 37
9 Hydro and storage X X 368 233
10 Solar and storage X X 167 51