Page 93 - A Comprehensive Guide to Solar Energy Systems
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88 A COMPrEHENSIVE GUIdE TO SOlAr ENErGy SySTEMS
FIGURE 5.5 Electricity access across Africa [16].
requirement for jobs creation through sustainable development and electrification with
renewable energy technologies are urgent.
Prioritizing reuse and repair > refurbishment/upgrade > remanufacturing > recycling,
results in greatest resource efficiency benefits and larger savings in embedded costs (eco-
nomic and environmental) of products and components. Whenever costs of reverse logis-
tics and returning products to market are lower than production costs in linear models,
circular systems afford greater value than linear alternatives. Benefits are amplified by cy-
cling resources in consecutive product lifecycles and extending the useful life of products.
The economic benefits of a circular economy are expected to become more important in
the future as the costs of primary raw materials, and safe disposal, rise [22].
