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42 2. Adsorption, Ion Exchange, and Catalysis

Table 2.5

Brief history of heterogeneous catalysis
Scientist(s) name(s) Breakthrough Year
von Marum Studies the dehydrogenation of alcohols using metals. 1796
J. Dalton Suggests that chemical compounds consist of molecules 1808
and molecules consist of atoms.
vy H. Da Studies the oxidation of methane on platinum wires. 1817
W. Henry Studies oxidations catalyzed by platinum adsorbed 1824
on clay pellets.
araday M. F Studies the ignition of hydrogen in air at platinum surf aces. 1825
J. Berzelius Formulates the definition of catalysis. 1836
E. Frankland Formulates the concept of v y alenc. 1852
C. W. Guldberg Formulation of the law of mass action. 1867
P. Wage
von Hoffmann Develops Ag as a catalyst for the oxidation of CH 3 OH to 1869
HCHO.
R. Messel Develops the industrial oxidation of SO 2 1875
catalyzed by Pt
J. W. Gibbs Publishes “On the equilibrium of heterogeneous 1876
substances”,which contains Gibbs’ phase la w
C. Winkler Invention of the contact process for the synthesis of 1879
sulfuric acid.
Badische Anilin and Industrial synthesis of sulfuric acid using a platinum 1889
Soda Fabrik German y catalyst
W. Ostwald Discovers that the reaction 2NH 3 5/2O 2 = 2NO 3H 2 O 1901
is catalyzed by Pt.
S. Sabatier Studies hydrogenation of alkenes catalyzed by Ni 1902
(1902–1905).
F. Haber Reports the production of small amounts of NH 3 . 1905
from N 2 3H 2 using an iron catalyst
W. Ostwald Receives the Nobel prize in chemistry for his w ork 1909
on catalysis, chemical equilibrium, and the rate of
chemical reactions.
P. Sabatier Receives the Nobel prize in chemistry for the 1912
development of the hydrogenation of or ganic
compounds catalyzed by small metal particles.
I. Langmuir Formulates a theory of adsorption. 1915
Chemical Builds an industrial nitric acid plant based on the 1917
Construction Co. Ostwald process.
J. Frenk el Publishes a theory of adsorption. 1924
H. S. Taylor Theory of catalysis. 1925
I. Langmuir Formulate the principles of Langmuir– 1927
W. Hinschelwood Hinschelwood kinetics.
I. Langmuir Receives the Nobel prize in chemistry for his w ork 1932
on surface chemistry
G. Damköhler Introduces the Damköhler group. 1937
E. W. Thiele Introduces the efveness factor and the Thiele fecti 1939
modulus.
H. Kramers v Publishes the defe treatment of kinetics. initi 1940
( Continued )