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Contents








                                           Preface  xi




                                 PART   1     Ordinary Differential Equations  1



                               CHAPTER 1      First-Order Differential Equations  3
                                              1.1 Terminology and Separable Equations  3
                                              1.2 Linear Equations  16
                                              1.3 Exact Equations  21
                                              1.4 Homogeneous, Bernoulli, and Riccati Equations  26
                                                   1.4.1  The Homogeneous Differential Equation 26
                                                   1.4.2  The Bernoulli Equation  27
                                                   1.4.3  The Riccati Equation  28
                                              1.5 Additional Applications 30
                                              1.6 Existence and Uniqueness Questions 40

                               CHAPTER 2      Linear Second-Order Equations  43
                                              2.1 The Linear Second-Order Equation  43
                                              2.2 The Constant Coefficient Case 50
                                              2.3 The Nonhomogeneous Equation 55
                                                   2.3.1  Variation of Parameters 55
                                                   2.3.2  Undetermined Coefficients 57
                                                   2.3.3 The Principle of Superposition 60
                                              2.4 Spring Motion 61
                                                   2.4.1  Unforced Motion  62
                                                   2.4.2  Forced Motion 66
                                                   2.4.3 Resonance 67
                                                   2.4.4  Beats 69
                                                   2.4.5  Analogy with an Electrical Circuit 70
                                              2.5 Euler’s Differential Equation  72

                               CHAPTER 3      The Laplace Transform  77
                                              3.1 Definition and Notation 77
                                              3.2 Solution of Initial Value Problems  81
                                              3.3 Shifting and the Heaviside Function  84


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