Page 243 - Advanced English Grammar in Use

I t . . . ( 2 )
(2)

a pattern with it...
a
clause that comes
forward to
verb.
It refers
as the object of a
We can use a pattern with it... as the object of a verb. It refers forward to a clause that comes
We can use
be
that-, wh-,
sometimes
or
by
directly
verbs
after
a
followed
It
z/-clause,
particularly
can
after.
after. It can sometimes be followed directly by a that-, wh-, or if-clause, particularly after verbs
enjoy,
such as
liking'
don't mind,
resent:
hate, like, love,
to do with '(not)
to do with '(not) liking' such as enjoy, hate, like, love, don't mind, resent:
I hate it that you can swim so well and I can't, (not I hate that you can swim...)
• * J hate it that you can swim so well and I can’t. (not I hate that you can swim...)
We always like it when you stay with us. (not We always like when you...)
• ¢ We always like it when you stay with us. (not We always like when you...)
that-c\ause
be
followed
by
are not
a
or w^-clause
Notice that many other verbs that can be followed by a that-clause or wh-clause are not
Notice that many other verbs that can
in this way, including accept, discover, notice, predict, regret, remember:
used with it... in this way, including accept, discover, notice, predict, regret, remember:
used with it...
• * On the train she discovered where she had put her ticket, (not ...discovered it where...)
On the train she discovered where she had put her ticket. (not ...discovered it where...)
(not ...accepted it that...)
He finally accepted that he would never become a doctor.
• * He finally accepted that he would never become a doctor, (not ...accepted it that...)
used to indicate how we see a particular event or situation, it is followed first
With other verbs used to indicate how we see a particular event or situation, it is followed first
With other verbs
B
or
noun
or
to-infinitive clause.
Verbs
a
then
that-c\ause,
a
and
adjective
wh-c\ause,
by by a noun or adjective and then a that-clause, wh-clause, or to-infinitive clause. Verbs
used in this way include believe, consider, find (= discover something from
commonly used in this way include believe, consider, find (= discover something from
commonly
feel, think:
experience),
experience), feel, think:
• Officials have said they believe it unlikely that any lasting damage to the environment has
Officials have said they believe it unlikely that any lasting damage to the environment has
g been done, (not ...they believe unlikely that...)
believe unlikely that...)
(not ...they
been done.
(not I thought a waste of money to...
I thought it a waste of money to throw away the food,
• ¢ I thought it a waste of money to throw away the food. (not I thought a waste of money to...)
When we use leave and owe with it... we can use to (somebody) + to-infinitive after it:
When we use leave and owe with it... we can use to (somebody) + to-infinitive after it:
Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.
• ¢ Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.
(= had a responsibility to them)
She owed it to her parents to do well at college.
• ¢ She owed it to her parents to do well at college. (= had a responsibility to them)
With the verbs accept, regard, see, take, or view we use it + as + noun (or adjective) + clause:
With the verbs accept, regard, see, take, or view we use it + as + noun (or adjective) + clause:
We see (it)as an insult to have received no reply to our letter.
• We see as an insult_to have received no reply_to our letter.
g • * I thought it was ¢-véry ordinary butterfly, but Tom regarded (it)as extraordinary riiat we
but Tom regarded
extraordinary riiat we
@as
I thoughtrTwas a very ordinary butterfly,
~ nd
should have seen it. it. """""
should have seen
I take (jt) as encouraging when students attend all my lectures.
• * I take (i)as encouraging when students attend all my lectures.

A number of common expressions include It's no... or There's no... Study these examples:
A number of common expressions include It's no... or There's no... Study these examples:

It's no secret that the President wants to I'm afraid there's no alternative (or choice) but
• ¢ It's no secret that the President wants to • ¢ I'm afraid there's no alternative (or choice) but
a second term of office. ask her to leave.
have to to ask her to leave.
have a second term of office.
Following the popularity of his first two There's no denying that he's a very good
• Following the popularity of his first two • There's no denying that he's a very good
it's no surprise that his latest footballer.
films,
films, it's no surprise that his latest footballer.
has been successful. There's no hope of getting money for the
production has been successful.
production • There's no hope of getting money for the
felt angry. His car
It's no wonder Dad
• It's no wonder Dad felt angry. His car research.
research.
a complete wreck. There's no need to explain how it works; I'll
was
was a complete wreck. • There's no need to explain how it works; I'll
It's no use telling me now. I needed to the instruction book.
read
• It's no use telling me now. I needed to read the instruction book.
know a week ago. • There's no point in buying an expensive
buying an expensive
There's no point in
know a week ago.
It's no good getting annoyed. That use it a lot.
computer unless you plan
• It's no good getting annoyed. That computer unless you plan to to use it a lot.
solve the problem. There's no question of agreeing to his demands.
won't help
won't help solve the problem. • There's no question of agreeing to his demands.
There was no reason to be pessimistic.
It was no coincidence
(or accident) that
• It was no coincidence (or accident) that • There was no reason to be pessimistic.
they left the party at the same time.
There's no chance of finding a cure if we don't

they left the party at the same time.
• There's no chance of finding a cure if we don't
research.
It's no
longer necessary to have a visa to
more
• It's no longer necessary to have a visa to
fund
fund more research.
There's no doubt about the authenticity of the
visit the country.
• There's no doubt about the authenticity of the
visit the country.
painting.
painting.
It-clauses...
There is... —> FPRRREE
There is... iit... (1) => QRURRRE It-clauses...;=> EERE)