Page 11 - Advanced Gas Turbine Cycles

viii Confenrs
3.2. Air standard cycles (uncooled) ...................... 28
3.2.1. Reversible cycles ............................... 28
3.2.1.1. The reversible simple (Joule-Brayton) cycle. [CHTIR ....... 28
3.2.1.2. The reversible recuperative cycle [Cm]R .............. 29
3.2.1.3. The reversible reheat cycle [CHTHTIR ................. 30
3.2.1.4. The reversible intercooled cycle [CICHTIR .............. 32
3.2.1.5. The 'ultimate' gas turbine cycle ..................... 32
3.2.2. Irreversible air standard cycles ...................... 33
3.2.2.1. Component performance .......................... 33
3.2.2.2. The irreversible simple cycle [CHTII .................. 34
3.2.2.3. The irreversible recuperative cycle [CHTXII ............. 37
3.2.3. Discussion .................................... 39
3.3. The [CBTII open circuit plant-a general approach ........ 39
3.4. Computer calculations for open circuit gas turbines ........ 43
3.4.1. The [CBTIIG plant ............................... 43
3.4.2. Comparison of several types of gas turbine plants .......... 44
3.5. Discussion .................................... 45
References .................................... 46

Chapter 4 . Cycle efficiency with turbine cooling (cooling flow
ratesspecified) ................................. 47

4.1. Introduction ................................... 47
4.2. Air-standard cooled cycles ......................... 48
4.2.1. Cooling of internally reversible cycles ................. 49
4.2,l.l. Cycle [CHTIRCI with single step cooling ............... 49
4.2.1.2. Cycle [cHT]RC* with two step cooling ................. 51
4.2.1.3. Cycle [cHT]Rm with multi-step cooling ............... 52
4.2.1.4. The turbine exit condition (for reversible cooled cycles) ..... 54
4.2.2. Cooling of irreversible cycles ....................... 55
4.2.2.1. Cycle with single-step cooling [CH'I'IIcl ................ 55
4.2.2.2. Efficiency as a function of combustion temperature or
rotor inlet temperature (for single-step cooling) ........... 56
4.2.2.3. Cycle with two step cooling [CHTIIa ................. 58
4.2.2.4. Cycle with multi-step cooling [CHTlICM ................ 59
4.2.2.5. Comment ..................................... 59
4.3. Open cooling of turbine blade rows-detailed fluid
mechanics and thermodynamics ...................... 59
4.3.1. Introduction ................................... 59
4.3.2. The simple approach ............................. 61
4.3.2.1. Change in stagnation enthalpy (or temperature) through
an open cooled blade row .......................... 61
4.3.2.2. Change of total pressure through an open cooled blade row ... 62
4.3.3. Breakdown of losses in the cooling process .............. 64