Page 14 - Advanced Gas Turbine Cycles

Contents xi
8.5.4. Thermo-chemical recuperation using flue gases
(fluegas/TCR) ................................ 143
8.5.5. Combustion with recycled flue gas as a carrier ........... 144
8.6. Descriptions of cycles ........................... 144
8.6.1. Cycles A with additional removal equipment for carbon
dioxide sequestration ............................ 144
8.6.1.1. Direct removal of COz from an existing plant ........... 144
8.6.1.2. Modifications of the cycles of conventional plants using the
semi-closed gas turbine cycle concept ................. 146
8.6.2. Cycles B with modification of the fuel in combustion
through thenno-chemical recuperation (TCR) ............ 147
8.6.2.1. The steam/TCR cycle ............................ 149
8.6.2.2. The flue gas thermo-chemically recuperated (FG/TCR) cycle . 150
8.6.3. Cycles C burning non-carbon fuel (hydrogen) ........... 152
8.6.4. Cycles D with modification of the oxidant in combustion .... 154
8.6.4.1. Partial oxidation cycles ........................... 155
8.6.4.2. Plants with combustion modification (full oxidation) ....... 158
8.7. IGCC cycles with C02 removal (Cycles E) ............. 160
8.8. Summary .................................... 162
References ................................... 164

CHAPTER 9 . The gas turbine as a cogeneration 167
(combined heat and power) plant ...................

9.1. Introduction .................................. 167
9.2. Performance criteria for CHP plants .................. 168
9.2.1. Energy utilisation factor .......................... 168
9.2.2. Artificial thermal efficiency ........................ 170
9.2.3. Fuel energy saving ratio .......................... 170
9.3. The unmatched gas turbine CHP plant ................ 173
9.4. Range of operation for a gas turbine CHP plant .......... 174
9.5. Design of gas turbines as cogeneration (CHP) plants ....... 177
9.6. Some practical gas turbine cogeneration plants ........... 177
9.6.1. The Beilen CHP plant ........................... 177
9.6.2. The Liverpool University CHP plant .................. 180
References ................................... 181

APPENDIX A . Derivation of required cooling flows ................. 183

A.l. Introduction .................................. 183
A.2. Convective cooling only .......................... 183
A.3. Film cooling .................................. 185
A.4. The cooling efficiency ........................... 186