Page 275 - Advanced English Grammar in Use

Glossary

school); that-clause (e.g. She said that conjunction
she was thirsty); wh-clause (e.g. I A word such as and, but, if, while,
asked Sandra where she was going); after, because which connects words,
it-clause (e.g. It's not surprising that phrases, or clauses in a sentence.
you're feeling cold); what-clause (e.g.
What I want to do is buy a better countable
computer); if-clause (e.g. If you leave A countable noun can be both
now, you'll be home by 10.00); singular and plural (e.g. cup/cups).
whether-clause (e.g. You have to take An uncountable noun doesn't have a
the exam whether you want to or plural form (e.g. electricity, but not
not); -ing clause (e.g. Feeling hungry, 'electricities').
I went into the kitchen); past
determiner
participle (-ed) clause (e.g. Built
A word that goes in front of a noun to
during the 1950s, the building is now
identify what the noun refers to (e.g.
in need of repair); being past
this, some, the, a/an, each, all, my).
participle (-ed) clause (e.g. Being
unemployed, Tom had a lot of time direct speech
on his hands); having past participle
Speech that is written using the exact
(-ed) clause (e.g. Having seen the
words of the speaker, without any
doctor, I went straight home).
changes. Compare REPORTED SPEECH.
complement dynamic verb
A word or phrase that follows a A verb that describes an action (e.g.
LINKING VERB and describes the walk, throw). Compare STATE VERB.
SUBJECT (e.g. Linda is a lawyer) or
OBJECT (e.g. I found the food inedible). finite verb
A verb that has a tense (e.g. She
completion
waited; She is waiting for you). Non-
A completion is an ADVERBIAL or
finite verb forms are INFINITIVES
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE w h i c h (e.g. He came to see me) and
completes the meaning of a verb. PARTICIPLE forms (e.g. Shouting
Some verbs need a completion (e.g. loudly, I was able to make myself
The disease originated in Britain; heard; Born in Germany, he now
'The disease originated' would be lives in France).
incomplete).
imperative
compound An imperative clause uses the BARE
A compound noun consists of two or INFINITIVE form of a verb for such
more words together used as a noun things as giving orders and making
(e.g. a language school). A compound suggestions (e.g. Go to bed!).
adjective consists of two or more
words together used as an adjective infinitive
(e.g. They were well-behaved). The form of a verb that usually goes
after 'to'. The form can be either the
conditional to-infinitive (e.g. to sing, to eat) or
A conditional clause usually starts the bare infinitive (e.g. sing, eat).
with 'if, but other patterns are
possible (e.g. Had it not rained, intransitive verb
England would have won). A A verb that doesn't take an object
conditional sentence is one (e.g. She smiled). Compare
containing a conditional clause. TRANSITIVE VERB.
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