Page 139 - Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment
P. 139
110 Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment
Table 4.4 Oil content of microalgae
Microalgae Oil content (dry wt%)
Botryococcus braunii 25.0–75.0
Chlorella sp. 28.0–32.0
Crypthecodinium cohnii 20.0
Cylindrotheca sp. 16.0–37.0
Dunaliella primolecta 23.0
Isochrysis sp. 25.0–33.0
Monallanthus salina >20.0
Nannochloris sp. 20.0–35.0
Nannochloropsis sp. 31.0–68.0
Neochloris oleoabundans 35.0–54.0
Nitzchia sp. 45.0–47.0
Phaeodactylum tricornutum 20.0–30.0
Schizochytrium sp. 50.0–77.0
Tetraselmis suecica 15.0–23.0
Scenedesmus TR-84 45.0
Thalassiosira pseudonana 21.0–31.0
Stichococcus 9.0–59.0
From Demirbas A, Demirbas MF. Importance of algae oil as a source of biodiesel. Energy
Convers Manag 2011;52(1):163–70; Demirbas A. Biodiesel from oilgae, biofixation of carbon
dioxide by microalgae: a solution to pollution problems. Appl Energy 2011;88(10):3541–7.
Scenedesmus sp., Nannocloropsis sp., and Dinoflagellate, respectively [76]. The oil
content of microalgae species are presented in Table 4.4.
4.2.6.2 Microalgae as feedstock for bioethanol
Microalgae also can be used as feedstock for the production of bioethanol. Both fresh-
water algae and marine water algae may be used for the production of bioethanol. In
the algae cell, the carbohydrate content is abundant and for the production of bio-
ethanol, carbohydrates such as starch and sugars can be fermented. Algae have low
hemicelluloses level and no lignin, resulting in increased hydrolysis efficiency and
fermentation yields.
4.3 Bioethanol feedstocks
4.3.1 Bioethanol from sugars
For bioethanol production, sugarcane, sugar beets, and sweet sorghum are used as
the feedstock [77]. Sugarcane juice or molasses is the main feedstock for ethanol pro-
duction. In India, for ethanol production, sugarcane molasses is the main feedstock
[78]. In Europe and North America, sugar beet is the major source of sugar. Sugar
beet is used as the feedstock for biofuel production. Sugar beet can grow in a temper-
ate climate with lower rainfall and generate a yield of 20–25 tonnes per acre [77].
