Page 240 - Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

204 Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

feasibility of a lipid extraction method should be assessed as a whole, including the
subsequent postextraction processes. This approach is essential for the establishment
of a biorefinery based on microalgae. The downstream process for microalgal-based
biodiesel production, including the extraction step, is receiving increased attention. It
is necessary to reduce the downstream costs to ensure the economic feasibility of
microalgal-based biodiesel production. By obtaining additional biological knowledge
of the target species and through the integration of the harvesting, lipid extraction, and
conversion processes, we will be able to reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of
the entire process. It is essential that new strategies be developed to effectively incor-
porate the positive elements of the existing approaches reviewed in this paper and to
develop new approaches that can significantly reduce costs while achieving positive
energy gains and net negative CO 2 production. Regardless of what set of technological
approaches is used for harvest, extraction, and conversion, these solutions must be
environmentally sustainable while being sufficiently inexpensive to make microalgal
biofuels competitive with petroleum-based transportation fuels.

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