Page 378 - Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

Physicochemical fuel properties and tribological behavior of aegle marmelos correa biodiesel 333

Diesel-100x Diesel-1.5K x Diesel-2K x
(A) (B) (C)

B100-100x B100-1.5K x B100-2K x
(D) (E) (F)
Fig. 11.8 SEM micro images of worn surfaces of steel ball.

The scanning electron microscopy image (Fig. 11.8) shows the morphology of the
worn surfaces of the balls used in this experiment. The surface of the steel balls used
for diesel fuel was severely deformed compared to pure biodiesel. The metal parts of
the bottom balls were extruded in one direction from the surfaces when the top rotating
ball was in contact with the bottom one. The surface deformation of the bottom balls
was caused by the shearing effect of the mating surface balls. The COF of diesel and
biodiesel were increased with an increase in temperature due to the heat generated by
the rotation of the top ball over the bottom balls. Because of this, the extruded metal
parts on the surfaces get welded, which leads to increases in the wear on the surfaces.

11.4 Conclusions

In the present study, crude AMC oil was converted to AMC methyl ester by a two-step
transesterification process. The physicochemical properties of the AMC biodiesel met
the international standards, such as ASTM D6571 and EN14214. The density and vis-
cosity of AMC biodiesel were significantly reduced after transesterification of AMC
oil, which is also comparable to diesel fuel. Diesel exhibits a high unsteady COF with
longer duration compared to biodiesel. The ester group is present in the biodiesel,
which offers more protection against the shearing of metals than diesel. Biodiesel
(B100) has the lowest WSD comparable to that of diesel. Commercial diesel has poor