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226    Advances in textile biotechnology


              they work reasonably well in laboratory-scale trials and meet the needs of
              a broad range of applications, from biology, to medicine, pharmacology,
              biosensing, tissue engineering, food, leather, and textile processing. Although
              there appears to be a lack of enzyme robustness, the results so far obtained
              offer many options for further research efforts leading to more consistent
              improvements in terms of reaction engineering. Taking advantage of the
              originality and the effectiveness of some biotechnological approaches
              devised in non-textile sectors, textile biotechnologists should make further
              research efforts aimed at developing novel enzymatic strategies able to fully
              exploit the potential of TGases and tyrosinases, as well as of other non-

              proteolytic crosslinking enzymes, for protein fibres functionalisation. Future
              results, if positive, will probably create the conditions for raising a large
              market demand for industrial TGases and tyrosinases, which, in turn, will
              stimulate biotechnology companies to invest in the development of these
              enzymes, thus paving the way for the establishment of commercial pro-
              cesses. Not only will the textile industry value this, but consumers will also

              be able to take advantage of the tangible benefits offered by the biotech-
              nological functionalisation of protein fi bres.


              9.8    References
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