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Hysteresis (%) 65 65 10 7 6

Table 10.2 Mechanical properties of fibrous materials (adapted from Gosline et al., 1999, Vendrely and Scheibel, 2007)

Toughness (work to fracture) (MJ m −3 ) 160 150 70 2 45 7.5 4 100 80 50

Elasticity, ε max (elongation at break) (%) 30 270 18 150 109 12 190 850 18 2.7

Strength, σ max (yield point) (GPa) 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.002 0.075 0.15 0.003 0.05 0.95 3.6

Stiffness, E init (slope of stress– strain curve) (GPa)

10 0.003 7 0.001 1.5 0.002 0.001 5 130

Dragline spider silk Flagelliform spider silk Bombix mori silk Mussel byssus (distal part) Tendon collagen ber

Material Elastin Resilin Rubber Nylon Kevlar 49 fi

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