Page 193 - Aeronautical Engineer Data Book

156 Aeronautical Engineer’s Data Book
10.1.2 Flaps
Trailing and leading edge flaps change the
effective camber of the wing, thereby increas­
ing lift. Popular trailing edge types are simple,
slotted, double slotted and Fowler flaps (Figure
10.3). Leading edge flaps specifically increase
lift at increased angle of incidence and tend to
be used in conjunction with trailing edge flaps.
Popular types are the simple hinged type and
slotted type.
Advanced design concepts such as the
mission adaptive wing utilize the properties of
modern materials in order to flex to adopt
different profiles in flight, so separate flaps and
slats are not required. Another advanced
concept is the Coanda effect arrangement, in
which turbofan bypass air and exhaust gas is
blown onto the upper wing surface, changing
the lift characteristics of the wing.

10.1.3 Cabin design
Aircraft cabin design is constrained by the need
to provide passenger areas and an underfloor
cargo space within the confines of the standard
tube-shaped fuselage. This shape of fuselage
remains the preferred solution; concept designs
with passenger areas enclosed inside a ‘flying
wing’ type body are not yet technically and
commercially feasible. Double-deck cabins
have been used on a small number of commer­
cial designs but give less facility for cargo carry­
ing, so such aircraft have to be built as a family,
incorporating cargo and ‘stretch’ variants (e.g.
the Boeing 747). ‘Super-jumbos’ capable of
carrying 1000+ passengers are currently at the
design study stage.
Figure 10.4 shows typical cabin design
variants for current airliner models. The objec­
tive of any cabin design is the optimization of
the payload (whether passengers or freight)
within the envelope of a given cabin diameter.
Table 10.1 lists comparisons of passenger and
freight capabilities for a selection of other
aircraft.