Page 196 - Aeronautical Engineer Data Book

Aircraft design and construction 159
Electrical
power
Bulk cargo
belt loader Fuel truck
Galley/cabin
service
Bulk cargo train
Lavatory
service Galley/cabin
service
Tow
tractor

Passenger boarding Portable
bridge Lavatory water truck
service
Engine Ground air
air start conditioning
Fig. 10.5 Airliner ground services

within. The stresses in the fuselage are trans­
mitted primarily by the shell. As the shell
diameter increases to form the internal cavity
necessary for a fuselage, the weight-to-strength
ratio changes, and longitudinal stiffeners are
added. This progression leads to the semi-
monocoque fuselage design which depends
primarily on its bulkheads, frames and formers
for vertical strength, and longerons and
stringers for longitudinal strength. Light
general aviation aircraft nearly all have
‘stressed-skin’ construction. The metal skin
exterior is riveted, or bolted and riveted, to the
finished fuselage frame, with the skin carrying
some of the overall loading. The skin is quite
strong in both tension and shear and, if stiff­
ened by other members, can also carry limited
compressive load.

10.1.6 Wing construction
General aviation aircraft wings are normally
either strut braced or full cantilever type,
depending on whether external bracing is used
to help transmit loads from the wings to the
fuselage. Full cantilever wings must resist all