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424 Gregory T. Kleinheinz and Phillip C Wright

Fig. 2. Schematic of conventional trickle-bed biofilter.

Fig. 3. Schematic of a conventional bioscrubber.

2.2. Novel or Emerging Designs
As discussed previously, biofilters have several limitations. Among these limitations
are problems with high influent concentrations and toxicity, high flow rates and low
retention times, and low solubility compounds with poor degradation. Generally,
biofilters have been applied to airstreams containing high flows with low levels of con-
taminants. Also, biofilters have been traditionally applied to situations where the
airstream contains relatively soluble compounds. However, because these limiting fac-
tors have been long realized, there has been substantial development of technologies that