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               Pretreatment only Limited data available Requires knowledgeable operator  Not effective on all VOCs May require large surface area, biologically sensitive to temperature and humidity  High-pressure drop  Low RE for low VOC concentrations Effluent may pose disposal problems Susceptible to concentration, flowrate, and temperature changes, less efficient at low  flow rates  Complex sys














               Reduces waste stream volume  Concentrates VOCs Improved removal efficiency for  minimal cost  Low cost  Simplicity May degrade semivolatile or  nonvolatile organics  May trap some metals Not susceptible to variations Good for high-temperature gas streams  Simple to operate Effective for wide variety of VOCs  High removal efficiencies No solvent or wastewater generated





















               SVE, air stripping  All remediation technologies  SVE, air stripping  Incineration, thermal  destruction  SVE, air stripping












               Membranes  Operational  controls  Soil filters/  biotreatment  Wet absorbers  UV  Source: US EPA.






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