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13.2 Control effectiveness and reversal  547

                                           L + AL




                                                                       Spring stiffness  K


                  V
               ____t




                                              t-





               Fig.   Aileron effectiveness and reversal speed (two-dimensional tax,.


              these in turn cause an elastic twist, 8, of the wing. Thus

                                                                                (13.12)

              where aCL/aa has been previously defined and aCL/a( is the rate of change of lift
              coefficient with aileron angle. Also





              in which aCM,o/at is the rate of change of wing pitching moment coefficient with
               aileron deflection. The moment produced by  these increments in lift and pitching
              moment is equilibrated by an increment of torque AT about the flexural axis. Hence




               Isolating e from Eq. (13.14) gives
                                   e=   pv2sc[(acL/at)e f acM,O/ad<             (13.15)
                                          K  - $pv2Sce(aCL/aa)
               Substituting for B in Eq. (13.12) we have

                                    ifv2sc{(acL/at)e f acM,O/%)  acL  I  acL] E
                                         K - 3 p V2Sce ( dCL/da)   aa   at

              which simplifies to
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