Page 306 - Algae

Algae and Men 289

closely-related PUAs have been isolated from Thalassiosira rotula, Skeletonema costatum, and
Pseudonitzschia delicatissima, namely 2-trans-4-cis-7-cis-decatrienal, 2-trans-4-trans-7-cis-deca-
trienal and 2-trans-4-trans-decadienal. In the same study these aldehydes were found to inhibit
cleavage of sea urchin embryos, reduce growth of Caco-2 cells and hatching of copepod eggs.
The structural element shared by these compounds, the unsaturated aldehyde group, is able to
form adducts with nucleophiles and is thus capable of inducing reactions that are toxic to the
cell. The harmful effects of PUAs have been demonstrated at the organism level as inducers of
apoptosis in sea urchin embryos, at the cell level as cytotoxicity in human cell lines and at the
protein level by deactivation of enzymes.
Table 7.8 summarizes toxic algae and the corresponding metabolites.

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