Page 199 - Alternative Energy Systems in Building Design

ENERGY-SAVING MEASURES 175

Water heaters Water heaters can be an overwhelming load for any renewable-
energy system, as well as a drain on the pocketbook for those using electricity from
a local utility. The following are some suggestions to increase the efficiency of electric
heaters:

■ Lower the thermostat to 120–130°F.
■ Fix any leaky faucets immediately.
■ Wrap your water heater with insulation.
■ Turn off the electricity to your indoor water heater if you will be out of town for
3 or more days.
■ Use a timer to turn off the water heater during the hours of the day when no one is
at home.

If you are looking for a higher-efficiency water heater, you may want to consider using
a flash or tankless water heater, which heats water on demand. This method of heating
water is very effective and does not require excessive electricity to keep a tank of water
hot. It also saves water because you do not have to leave the water running out of the tap
while you wait for it to get hot. Propane or natural gas water heaters are another option
for those who want to minimize their electricity demand as much as possible.

INSULATION AND WEATHERIZATION
Inadequate insulation and air leakage are leading causes of energy waste in many homes.
By providing adequate insulation in your home, walls, ceilings, and floors will be warmer
in the winter and cooler in the summer. Insulation also can act as a sound absorber or
barrier, keeping noise levels low within the home. The first step to improving the insula-
tion of a building is to know the type of existing insulation.
To check the exterior insulation, simply switch off the circuit breaker to an outlet
on the inside of an exterior wall. Then remove the electric outlet cover and check to
see if there is insulation within the wall. If there is no insulation, it can be added by an
insulation contractor who can blow cellulose into the wall through small holes, which
are then plugged. The geometry of attics also will determine the ease with which addi-
tional insulation can be added. Insulating an attic will significantly increase the ability
to keep heat in during winter and out during summer.
One of the easiest ways to reduce energy bills and contribute to the comfort of your
home or office space is by sealing air leaks around windows and doors. Temporary or per-
manent weather stripping can be used around windows and doors. Use caulk to seal other
gaps that are less than 1/4 in wide and expanding foam for larger gaps. Storm windows
and insulating drapes or curtains also will help to improve the energy performance of
existing windows.

HEATING AND COOLING

Every indoor space requires an adequate climate-control system to maintain a com-
fortable environment. Most people live or work in areas where the outdoor temperature